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Alice Masaryková or Alice Garrigue Masaryk (3 May 1879 – 29 November 1966) was a Czech teacher, sociologist and politician. She is a prominent figure within the field of applied sociology and known to many as the daughter of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and the First Lady of Czechoslovakia.
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Alice Masaryková or Alice Garrigue Masaryk (3 May 1879 – 29 November 1966) was a Czech teacher, sociologist and politician. She is a prominent figure within the field of applied sociology and known to many as the daughter of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and the First Lady of Czechoslovakia.
Alice Masaryková a adăugat o fotografie
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Family Alice Masaryk was born in Vienna, Austria as the first child to the future founder and first president of Czechoslovakia, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and his US American wife Charlotte Garrigue. Her siblings were Herbert Masaryk, Olga Masaryková, Eleanor Masaryková and Jan Masaryk. In her memoirs, Masaryk recalls a "happy and fulfilled childhood...[and] dedicated herself mainly to the study of languages, religion and especially reading."
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Education The family moved to Prague when she was 3 years old, where Masaryk started school in 1886. Her education lasted until 1898 and included advanced secondary education at the first girls' grammar school in Prague, Minerva. This was followed up by university studies at the renowned Charles University in Prague to fulfill her dream of becoming a doctor. Masaryk reports that she took the opportunity very seriously, not least because she was one of few women admitted for medical sciences. However, she left the department after a year for several reasons. She continued her studies in diverse subjects such as History, Sociology and Philosophy at the Charles University and moved to London, Berlin (1901-1902) and Leipzig to "deepen her academic education by studying abroad." She received a Doctorate on 23 June 1903, with a dissertation on "The Magna Charta of Freedom of King John Lackland, 1215".
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Work After she finished her studies, Masaryk was invited to stay at the University of Chicago Social Settlement (UCSS) where she met Julia Lathrop, Mary McDowell and Jane Addams. This encounter and the time spent in the USA "influenced her future professional development...[by] learn[ing] the progressive American methods of social work". It was my good fortune that I came to Chicago at the time of the historic beginning of modern social work in America. I had the opportunity of meeting there great women who first recognized the need for a healthy Americanization...From my visit to Chicago I brought home with me a firm conviction that there are three things which help social work: spiritual awareness, good education, and dedication to work. After returning to Czech lands she worked as a teacher in České Budějovice from 1907 to 1910, where she taught geography and history at a secondary educational level. In 1910 she returned to Prague to teach at a new school. Masaryk was one of the founders of the sociological department at the Charles University in Prague in 1911, which focused on social pathologies including topics like: "reality of poverty, the working and living conditions of the industrial workers of…
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Politics Alice Masaryk's involvement in Czechoslovak politics was overshadowed by her father's role in the creation of an independent Czechoslovak state. In 1915 Masaryková was accused of hiding her father's political writings and detained for eight months in a prison in Vienna. Consideration of her execution was only quieted after the USA put pressure on the Austrian government. The interfering was based on a public uproar in the U.S., in which Masaryk was openly supported by prominent personalities like Julia Lathrop, Jane Addams and Mary McDowell. In 1919 Alice Masaryková was one of the first women elected as members of parliament of the Czechoslovak Republic founded on 28 October 1918, and headed by her father Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk as the first president. When her mother died in 1923, Masaryk replaced her as the official representative alongside her father and was essentially the First Lady of the new Republic. In 1926 Alice Masaryk came under fire from the Nazi press. She was accused of having stolen a sidesaddle from Konopiště Castle during a trip together with Hedwig Tusar-Taxis, widow of Vlastimil Tusar. In 1928 Masaryková was the president of the First International Conference of Social Work and at a consequent meeting…
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Death Alice Masaryková died on 29 November 1966 in Chicago. In 1994, her ashes were buried next to her parents in a plot at Lány cemetery, where also her brother Jan Masaryk was laid to rest.
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Publications Alice Masaryk, The Bohemian in Chicago, in: Charities and the Commons (1904), 13, p. 206-210. Alice Masaryk, foreword, in Mary E. Hurlbutt (ed.) (1920a) Social Survey of Prague, Vol 3, Prague: Ministry of Welfare, pp. 7–8. Alice Masaryk, From an Austrian Prison, in: The Atlantic Monthly (1920b), 126, pp. 577–587. Alice Masaryk, The Prison House, in The Atlantic Monthly (1920c), 126, pp. 770–779. Alice Masaryk, A Message from Alice Masaryk, in: The Survey (1921a), 46, p. 333. Alice Masaryk, The Program of the Czechoslovak Red Cross after 18 months, in: Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge (1921b), pp. 736–739. Alice Masaryk, Help for Russia, in: Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge (1921c), pp. 863–864. Alice Masaryk, The Bond Between Us, in Proceedings of the National Conference of Social Work (1939), New York, Columbia University Press, pp. 69–74.
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Bibliography Alice Garrigue Masaryk, 1879–1966. Her Life as Recorded in Her Own Words and by Her Friends (1980). Bruce Keith, Alice Masaryk (1879-1966), in Mary Jo Deegan (ed.), Women in Sociology, New York 1991, p. 298-305. Christine von Oertzen, Strategie Verständigung - Zur transnationalen Vernetzung von Akademikerinnen 1917-1955 (to be published in 10/2012). H. Gordon Skilling, Mother and Daughter. Charlotte and Alice Masaryk. Prague: Gender Studies, 2001.