Emil Rauer

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Emil Ignacy Rauer (31 July 1870 – 13 December 1943) was a Polish industrialist, creator and commander of a railway protection formation, social activist, and independence fighter. He was initially a partner in companies producing metal decorations, milling machines, and later ammunition factories for the military. He was a long-time member of various leadership positions in the Sokół movement. During World War I, he co-founded and held various high positions in the Civic Guard and National Guard. He participated in the creation of the Railway Guard, which he later commanded after it was transformed into the Railway Security Guard. He led this formation during the Polish-Soviet War. Later, he was also a prominent activist in veteran organizations of the Second Polish Republic. In 1942, he was arrested by the Germans and imprisoned for about six months in Pawiak prison. A few months after his release, he died.

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Childhood and youth Emil Rauer was born on 31 July 1870 in the village of Irena in the Puławy County (then the Nowoaleksandryjski County), as the son of Karol Rauer and Maria (née Pilny). He attended secondary school in Warsaw, where he was an active participant in self-education circles.

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Industrial activity In 1899, Emil Rauer, in partnership with A. Makowski, founded a metal goods company that produced metal wreaths and flowers. The enterprise included a factory located in Warsaw (initially at 129 Jerusalem Avenue, later at 47 Stalowa Street), and retail outlets in Warsaw (22 Senatorska Street), Kyiv, and St. Petersburg. The company won a gold medal for its metal flowers at the 1909 Industrial and Agricultural Exhibition in Częstochowa. By around 1910, Emil Rauer became the sole shareholder of the company. In 1911, he was part of the board of the Warsaw Mutual Insurance Society for Mines. In July 1914, together with his partner P. Kozłowski, he acquired a mill machinery and millstone factory in the Praga district of Warsaw, which had previously belonged to Cezary Skoryna, who died in 1903. Skoryna was the father of his second wife, Jadwiga (whom he married in 1910). The company ceased operations in 1918, but according to Jarosław Zieliński, it continued to function in the interwar period under the name Mill Machinery Manufacturing Company "Młynotwórnia". According to contemporary press articles, it essentially became a branch of the Poznań-based Joint-Stock Company of the Mill Machinery Factory "Młynotwórnia". In 1921, Rauer, along with…Citește mai mult

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Political activity Emil Rauer held numerous positions in Warsaw. In 1916, he was part of the management of the Compulsory Supplies Section of the Warsaw Municipal Board and served as an inspector in the Morality Guard Division. Rauer is also reported to have led the Polish Fascist Organization, a small party established in 1925. At its peak in April 1926, it had around 100 members in Warsaw but failed to mobilize for active participation during the May Coup. The organization's activity ceased in 1927. Additionally, in January 1925, Rauer became the commander of the Order and Discipline Guard, an ultra-right nationalist organization according to police evaluations at the time. Its membership, also estimated at about 100, primarily came from military and sports circles. In May 1927, Rauer was elected to the City Council on the Christian Democracy ticket and served on its Suburban and Electoral Committees. He was involved in organizing the 125th anniversary of the Constitution of 3 May 1791 in 1916 and the 130th anniversary of the Battle of Praga in 1924. Rauer also served as the treasurer of the National Votive Committee for building the Church of Divine Providence in Warsaw and was the chairman of the…Citește mai mult

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Service in military formations In July 1914, Emil Rauer co-organized the Civic Guard, serving from August 1915 as one of its deputy commanders and head of the supply department. Between 1916 and 1917, he completed non-commissioned officer, officer, and instructor courses organized by the Polish Military Organization in Warsaw under the auspices of Sokół. In 1918, he co-founded the National Guard and became commander of its 5th District; in November of that year, he participated with his unit in disarming German forces. From 1918 to 1920, Rauer served in railway protection formations. In November 1918, acting on behalf of the Ministry of Railways, he began organizing the Railway Guard, starting with the Warsaw Directorate and later expanding to include the Radom Directorate. By the end of April 1919, the Railway Guard was militarized and transformed into the Railway Security Guard, tasked with protecting railway infrastructure. Rauer assumed command over the Warsaw, Radom, and Vilnius directorates. When the Railway Security Guard established a General Command in late May 1919, he became its overall commander, delegating leadership of the Warsaw Directorate to others. On 1 February 1920, the Railway Security Guard structures in the Warsaw, Lublin, Kielce, Łódź, and Białystok provinces, as…Citește mai mult

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Private life Emil Rauer was married three times. His first wife was Bronisława (née Car), whom he married on 21 August 1897. She died in 1901, and they had a daughter, Janina, who died in childhood. His second marriage was to Jadwiga (née Skoryna), daughter of industrialist and social activist Cezary Skoryna (1841–1903). They married on 9 June 1910 but later divorced. His third wife was Helena (née Makowiecka), whom he married on 26 June 1927. Helena outlived him and died in 1965.

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Prison sentence and death The Polish Biographical Dictionary indicates that Rauer's fate at the beginning of World War II remains unclear. However, it is known that he was arrested by the Germans on 10 November 1942 and held in Pawiak prison. According to the memoirs of a fellow prisoner, Rauer was described as "very weak and exhausted, at times near death". He was released on 10 May 1943 in such a poor state that, according to the Polish Biographical Dictionary, he died in Warsaw in the autumn of the same year. He was buried at Powązki Cemetery (section 211-1-10,11), and his gravestone lists his date of death as 13 December 1943.

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Orders and decorations Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (10 November 1938)

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Cross of Valour Golden Cross of Merit (20 September 1925)