Franz Jägerstätter

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Franz Jägerstätter, (also spelled Jaegerstaetter in English; born Franz Huber, 20 May 1907 – 9 August 1943) was an Austrian farmer and conscientious objector during World War II. Jägerstätter refused to fight for Nazi Germany because of his devout Catholic faith, leading to him getting sentenced to death and executed. He is venerated as a martyr and has been beatified by the Catholic Church.

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Early life and education Jägerstätter's mother was an unmarried chambermaid named Rosalia Huber who lived in Sankt Radegund, Upper Austria, a small village between Salzburg and Braunau am Inn where nearly everyone was Catholic. His father was Franz Bachmeier from Tarsdorf, the unmarried son of a farmer. He was born on 20 May 1907 in Huber's parents' home, and baptised in the parish church the next day under the name of St Francis Caracciolo. As his parents could not afford a marriage, Franz was first cared for by his grandmother, Elisabeth Huber, who had a reputation as an exceptionally devout woman. His biological father was killed in World War I in 1915, when Franz was seven or eight years old. In 1917, his mother married Heinrich Jägerstätter. As the marriage didn't result in children of Jägerstätter's own, he adopted his wife's son and gave over the farm to him after Franz married in 1936. As a boy, Franz was a higher-than-average student and an avid reader, apparently leaving school after his 14th birthday, as permitted by law. His fellow villagers remembered the Franz of early manhood fondly as "a jolly, robust, fun-loving, hot-blooded, 'he-man' type", intelligent and "bull-headed", who tended…Citește mai mult

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Conversion In the mid-1930s, Jägerstätter made a turn towards morality and piety that most of his neighbours recalled as "so sudden that people just couldn't understand it", "almost as if he had been possessed by a higher power", although others described it as more gradual. In 1934, Jägerstätter intended to enter a monastery, but the parish priest advised him against it. On Maundy Thursday (9 April) of 1936, he married Franziska Schwaninger (4 March 1913 – 16 March 2013), a deeply religious woman. After the wedding liturgy, the couple went on a pilgrimage to Rome, where they received a blessing from Pope Pius XI. Most members of the community attributed Jägerstätter's conversion to his wife's influence or the sight of the pope, but other evidence indicates that his choice of a wife and decision to travel to Rome may have rather been influenced by a conversion that had already taken place; one friend recalled that he observed Jägerstätter had already become much more pious when he returned from the iron mines in late 1934 or 1935. The marriage resulted in three daughters: Rosalia (b. 1 September 1937), Maria (b. 4 September 1938), and Aloisia (b. 5 May 1940). When German…Citește mai mult

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Arrest and death After many delays, Jägerstätter was again called to active duty in February 1943. By this time, he had three daughters with his wife, the eldest not quite six. He maintained his position against fighting for Nazi Germany and, upon entering into the Wehrmacht garrison in Enns on the evening of 1 March, declared on 2 March his conscientious objection. His offer to carry out non-violent services was ignored. He was immediately arrested, repeatedly interrogated, and placed in custody, first at the Linz remand prison, then from 4 May at Tegel Prison in Berlin. From the prison he wrote: "Is it not more Christian to offer oneself as a victim right away rather than first have to murder others who certainly have a right to live and want to live — just to prolong one’s own life a little while?" Accused of Wehrkraftzersetzung ("undermining military morale"), Jägerstätter was sentenced to death "and loss of military dignity and civil rights" in a military trial at the Reichskriegsgericht in Charlottenburg on 6 July 1943. His wife and his parish priest visited him a few days later in jail and tried to talk him into serving, but did not succeed. When…Citește mai mult

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Legacy and beatification Jägerstätter was criticized by his countrymen, especially by those who had served in the military, for failing in his duty as a husband and father. The municipality of Sankt Radegund at first refused to put his name on the local war memorial and a pension for his widow was not approved until 1950. Jägerstätter's fate was not well known until 1964, when US sociologist Gordon Zahn published his biography, In Solitary Witness: The Life and Death of Franz Jägerstätter. Thomas Merton, Trappist monk and peace activist, included a chapter about Jägerstätter in his book Faith and Violence of 1968. A 1971 film treatment of his life made for Austrian television, Verweigerung ("The Refusal") (originally titled Der Fall Jägerstätter), by director Axel Corti, starred Kurt Weinzierl. A bronze plaque with his quotation about conscientious objection was dedicated at the Pacifist Memorial in Sherborn, Massachusetts, in 1994. His case was a topic of the annual Braunauer Zeitgeschichte-Tage conference in 1995. The death sentence was nullified by the Landgericht Berlin on 7 May 1997. A Stolperstein for Jägerstätter in Sankt Radegund was laid in 2006. The beatification process was opened in 1994. In June 2007, Pope Benedict XVI issued an…Citește mai mult

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Bibliography Zahn, Gordon (1986) [1964]. In Solitary Witness. The life and death of Franz Jägerstätter (Revised ed.). Springfield, Illinois: Templegate Publishers. ISBN 0-87243-141-X. Putz, Erna (2007). Franz Jägerstätter – Martyr: A Shining Example in Dark Times. Translated by Catherine Laura Danner. Grünbach, Upper Austria: Buchverlag Franz Steinmaßl. ISBN 978-3902427410. Andreas Maislinger, Franz Jägerstätter. In: Conquering the Past. Austrian Nazism Yesterday & Today, edited by Fred Parkinson. Wayne State University Press, Detroit 1989. Andreas Maislinger, Franz Jägerstätter and Leopold Engleitner. In: Bernhard Rammerstorfer, Unbroken Will. The Extraordinary Courage of an Ordinary Man. The Story of Leopold Engleitner. Grammaton Press. New Orleans 2004. ISBN 0-9679366-4-0 Jägerstätter, Franz (2009). Putz, Erna (ed.). Franz Jägerstätter: Letters and Writings from Prison. Translated by Robert Anthony Krieg. Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books. ISBN 978-1-57075-826-3. OCLC 295046320. Lorber, Verena. Thomas Schlager-Weidinger, and Andreas Schmoller, Eds. Franz Jägerstätter. Life and Memory. Linz: Wagner, 2023 (Christian and Martyr), ISBN 978-903040-70-0. Bergman, Roger. Preventing Unjust War: A Catholic Argument for Selective Conscientious Objection. Eugene, OR 2020.

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Franz Jägerstätter: a solitary witness Digital Edition of Franz Jägerstätter's writings (in German), edited by the Franz and Franziska Jägerstätter Institute.