Hassan Konopacki

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Hassan

Hasan Konopacki (Belarusian: Гасан Амуратавіч Канапацкі, Hasan Amuratavich Kanapatski) (1879–1953) was a Lipka Tatar politician, journalist and military officer that served in the Imperial Russian, Lithuanian and Polish armies. Hasan Konopacki was closely connected with the Belarusian national movement and was a commander of Belarusian military units in the Lithuanian Army (1918–1919), Polish Army (1919–1920) as well as a member of the Poland-close Belarusian Military Commission. Before that, he participated in the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905) as an artillery colonel and in World War I on the Russian side. During the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939) he worked as a politician and a journalist of the Belarusian minority in Poland, advocating the creation of a Belarusian state in close cooperation with Poland.

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Youth and Russian military service Konopacki was born on February 25, 1879, in Minsk, then in Russian Empire. His noble Muslim family belonged to the Lipka Tatars. His father Amurat Konopacki, worked as a Collegiate assessor. He graduated from the Polotsk Cadet Corps (Russian: Полоцкий кадетский корпус) and transferred in 1897 to Saint Petersburg Artillery School. He spent his military service with the rank of second lieutenant of the Imperial Russian Army. In 1904, Konopacki was sent to the Transbaikal Oblast, where the First Siberian Artillery Brigade was being formed. There, he was appointed officer of the 1st Battery. From 1904 to 1905, he participated in the Russo-Japanese war, where he was wounded during the Battle of Liaoyang (August 1904). In 1906, his brigade moved to Nerchinsk, 644 kilometres (400 mi) east of Lake Baikal. As a battery officer, he performed various functions:

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member of the Honorary Court; member of the Officer's Capital Loan Commission; manager of the officers' library. In 1909, he was promoted to the rank of captain. Subsequently, he left Nerczyńsk to the Chinese border, at Blagoveshchensk, near the Amur river, to set up and command the 2nd Battery of the 10th Siberian Field Artillery Brigade. On 8 September 1912, he was sent further east to Khabarovsk to train recruits. Upon his own request, on 13 October 1912, Hasan moved to the 3rd Field Artillery Brigade in Kaluga, 150 kilometres (93 mi) southwest of Moscow. On 18 July 1914, he was appointed Commander of the 5th Battery of the 57th Field Artillery Brigade. Konopacki took part in World War I in successive positions: on 30 July 1914, commander of the 1st park of the 57th Field Artillery Brigade; on 10 November 1916, commander of the 6th Battery of the 69th Field Artillery Brigade of the Russian front; as a lieutenant colonel, on 23 January 1917, commander of the 69th Field Artillery Brigade. On 6 November 1917 he was promoted to colonel. On the front, he was struck by combat gases: as such he was transferred to Minsk to a rear…Citește mai mult

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Belarusian Military Commission Once in Minsk, Hasan Konopacki became involved with activists of the Belarusian National Movement. He moved to the area under the control of the Republic of Lithuania and started to cooperate with the Belarusian military troops he trained. At the end of December 1918, he was assigned to Vilnius' 1st Belarusian Infantry Regiment. With the invading Red Army approaching the city, Hasan evacuated on December 27, with his unit and most of the activists to Grodno then under German control. In the middle of 1919, Minsk was recaptured from the Bolsheviks by the Polish forces; Hasan then championed the creation of a Belarusian state alongside the Second Polish Republic. He became a member of the newly established "Belarusian Military Commission" (Polish: Białoruska Komisja Wojskowa) or "BKW". This short lived body (August 1919–March 1921), initially set up unilaterally by Belarusian activists, aimed at forming a Belarusian national army as an allied force of the Polish Army. A project was developed to build a 20,000-strong Belarusian infantry division consisting of three infantry regiments, an artillery regiment, a cavalry squadron and a sapper company. In this commission, Konopacki first chaired the military department (at the end of September) and later…Citește mai mult

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Activities in Lithuania From the summer of 1920, the Konopacki's lived in Vilnius, in an apartment in Lwowska street (today's Lvovo street). Although active in the Belarusian National movement, Hasan did not have a permanent job. He improved his poor military pension by working in various positions: ticket collector at the cinema on Wileńska street, road works supervisor or later as a supervisor at the Zamoyski estate in Iwye. He was deputy chairman of the Council of Elders of the Belarusian Music and Drama Club and secretary of the "Belarusian Civic Assembly". After the split of this body, in September, 1924, he became the vice-chairman of the newly formed "Provisional Belarusian Council", gathering supporters of a loyal cooperation with Poland, as opposed to the "Belarusian Deputies' Club" and other Belarusian organizations which mistrusted Warsaw. In April 1925, Konopacki, together with Bekisz and Łappo-Starzcki, left the council, disagreeing with the directions taken. In parallel, the "Provisional Belarusian Council" accused Hasan, previously treasurer's guardian of the organization, of financial mismanagement. In Vilnius, Konopacki had a febrile activity as a member of the "Belarusian Chatka" Society (Belarusian Hut) which regularly staged Kupala's national Belarusian plays. In addition he represented the "Praswieta Society (for…Citește mai mult

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Move to Poland With Vilnius occupied by the Red Army in July 1944, Soviet colonel Mietelenka was billeted in the Konopackis' apartment. Appreciating his hosts, he warned them that they had a high probability of being deported to the East. He suggested, since they were Polish citizens, to volunteer for a "repatriation" transport back to Poland. In July 1946, following the Polish population resettlements, the family transferred to Bydgoszcz. At the train station, they were looked after by Mr. and Mrs. Markovich, from the State Repatriation Office, who lived at Plac Wolności: momentarily housed in a barrack near Poznańska Square (at today's Św. Trójcy Street), they moved first at 41 Śniadeckich Street (November 8, 1946 to May 13, 1947) before living on the first floor of the tenement at 11 Mazowiecka street. At that time, Hasan was already weak from the travel and stays at several hospital to fight an atherosclerosis. He died in this city on May 11, 1953. He was buried at the Communal Cemetery in Bydgoszcz at Kcyńska street.

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Family Konopacki married Helena Ivanovna Ilyasewicz in 1910. Helena (1888–1987) was then 22 year old; she was related on her mother's side to the Achmatowicz, a rich Tatar family. The wedding occurred in Minsk and the witnesses were Bogdan Aleksandrowicz and Aleksander Ilyasewicz, a lieutenant-colonel from the 27th Artillery Brigade.

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They had two children: a daughter, Tamara, born in April 1913, in Kaluga. She graduated during the interwar from the gymnasium "Eliza Orzeszkowa" in Vilnius. During WWII, she worked in a grocery store, where she used to give food to the partisans, thanks to fake vouchers. After being reported, she was arrested and jailed in Lukiškės Prison from 1944 to 1945. In Bydgoszcz, Tamara started working at the Provincial Food Cooperative (Polish: Wojewódzka Spółdzielnia Spożywców) and then at the city slaughterhouse (at today's 41–47 Jagiellońska Street) as an accountant. In 1943, she had a son, Zdzisław Bogdanowicz. He graduated in English from Kraków and currently (2011) lives in Switzerland. a son, Maciej (1926–2020).

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Maciej Konopacki Maciej Musa Konopacki was born on January 29, 1926, in Vilnius. In his childhood, he was considerably influenced by the multi-ethnicity community life in the city (with Jewish, Karaite and Catholic neighbours). In September 1939, Maciej entered the Adam Mickiewicz Secondary School on Dominikańska Street. In 1941, German forces invaded and occupied the city: they allowed the opening of a Belarusian gymnasium on Ostrobramska Street, where he went until 1943. In 1944, Maciej developed dysentery and was hospitalized in a serious condition. Once in Bydgoszcz (1946), he attended Bydgoszcz High School Nr.1 at 9 Plac Wolności, from where he graduated in 1948. He then started law studies in Toruń, commuting daily from Bydgoszcz. After completed his first year, he had to pause the second one due to illness. While still a student, Maciej attended Russian language courses and pedagogical courses. After six months, he started working as a teacher of Russian at the Pedagogical Secondary School. In 1950–1951, he studied Russian at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. The following year, he moved to the University of Warsaw to be closer to his ailing father in Bydgoszcz. He graduated in Russian studies in 1955. He turned to journalism: first…Citește mai mult

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Awards and commemoration Hasan Konopacki was awarded the following orders: for meritorious service during the Russian-Japanese war (1904–1905)

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Order of Saint Stanislaus, First Class; for meritorious service during World War I

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Order of Saint Stanislaus, Second Class; Order of Saint Vladimir, Fourth Class. A commemorative plaque was set on the building where Hasan Konopacki lived, at 11 Mazowiecka street in Bydgoszcz. The unveiling ceremony took place on 25 September 2006, in presence of his son Maciej. During the event, a Muslim prayer was led by Imam Mahmud Taha Żuk.

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Russo-Japanese War Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia

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Bibliography (in Belarusian) Paszkoua, Hienadzia (1997). Энцыклапедыя гісторыі Беларусі T.4, Кадэты – Ляшчэня. Mińsk: Беларуская Энцыклапедыя імя Петруся Броўкі. p. 432. ISBN 9851101419. (in Polish) Głogowska, Helena (1994). Hassan Konopacki – Tatarski dowódca białoruskiego wojska. Białoruskie Zeszyty Historyczne Nr 1. Białystok: Białoruskie Towarzystwo Historyczne. pp. 162–168. (in Polish) Berger, Rafał (2011). Hassan Konopacki-Tatar, muzułmanin, bydgoszczanin. Warsaw: STOWARZYSZENIE JEDNOŚCI MUZUŁMAŃSKIEJ INSTYTUT MUZUŁMAŃSKI. ISBN 9788392166269. (in Polish) Radziszewska, Iwona (2016). Maciej Musa Konopacki (ur. 1926) – nasz Tatar. LITTERARIA COPERNICANA. Toruń: Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. pp. 189–197.