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Ilona Duczynska (Polish: Ilona Duczyńska; Hungarian: Duczynska Ilona, Ducsinszka Ilona; 11 March 1897 – 24 April 1978) was a Polish-Hungarian-Canadian revolutionary, journalist, translator, engineer, and historian. Her husband was Karl Polanyi and her daughter is Kari Polanyi Levitt.
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Ilona Duczynska (Polish: Ilona Duczyńska; Hungarian: Duczynska Ilona, Ducsinszka Ilona; 11 March 1897 – 24 April 1978) was a Polish-Hungarian-Canadian revolutionary, journalist, translator, engineer, and historian. Her husband was Karl Polanyi and her daughter is Kari Polanyi Levitt.
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Life On 11 March 1897, Ilona Duczynska was born near Vienna to a Hungarian mother and a Polish-Austrian father. In 1915, during the First World War, she became acquainted with anarcho-syndicalist revolutionary Ervin Szabó, who connected her with the work of the Galileo Circle. She became a revolutionary socialist. For her anti-war activities, she was expelled from school in 1915. She studied engineering at the Technical University of Zurich. There she was befriended by a community of representatives of the Russian Social Democratic Party opposed to the war, including Lenin, his wife Krupskaya, and Angelica Balabanoff. Together with delegations from Germany, France, and Britain, as well as other European Labour and Socialist parties, they met to draft a program of action against the war, known as the Zimmerwald Declaration (see Zimmerwald Conference). The 18-year-old Duczynska was entrusted to smuggle this call to action into Hungary. In Hungary, she took part in the early 1918 strikes that called successfully for workers' councils. During the Galilei trial, she was imprisoned. In the Aster Revolution, she and other revolutionaries were freed. On November 17, 1918, she married Sugár Tivadar and soon after joined the Hungarian Communist Party. During the Hungarian Soviet Republic, she…
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Bibliography "Zum Zerfall der K.P.U." (Notes on the Disintegration of the Communist Party of Hungary), Unser Weg [Our Way], edited by Paul Levi, 4, 1, Heft 5. March 1922. Berlin; "Duczynska Ilona feljegyzései az 1918-as januári sztrájk elözményeiröl," (with Márta Tömöry) Történelmi szemle, no. 1-2, 1958, pp. 154–173; The plough and the pen : writings from Hungary 1830-1956 (with Karl Polanyi, London: Owen, 1963);
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Mesterünk Szabó Ervin (Kortárs, 1968); Polányi Károly, 1886-1964 (Budapest: Akad. Ny., 1971); Polányi Károly és a Galilei Kör (Horváth Zoltánnal, Bp., 1971); Der demokratische Bolschewik: zur Theorie und Praxis der Gewalt (Munnich: List, 1975);
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Bécs, 1934, Schutzbund (Budapest: Magvető, 1976); Theodor Körner: auf Vorposten: ausgewählte Schriften 1928-1938 (Vienna: Europaverlag, 1977); Workers in arms: the Austrian Schutzbund and the Civil War of 1934 (New York; London: Monthly Review Press, 1978); A cselekvés boldogtalan szerelmese (Néhány adalékom Szabó Ervin emlékéhez);
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Széljegyzetek a K. M. P. bomlásához; "I first met Karl Polanyi in 1920...".
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Translations Déry, Tibor: The giant. (Óriás, London, Calder, 1964.) Juhász, Ferenc: The boy changed into a stag: selected poems 1949-1967 (with Kenneth McRobbie, Toronto; New York; London, Oxford Univ. Press, 1970)
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Lengyel, József: Confrontation (London, Owen, 1973) Lengyel, József: Acta sanctorum and other tales (London, Owen, 1970.) Lengyel, József: The judge's chair (London, Owen, 1968.) Lengyel, József: Prenn drifting (London, Owen, 1966.) Lengyel, József: From beginning to end: the spell (London, Owen, 1966.)
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Gábor, Éva: Epizódok Duczynska Ilona életéből; Kelen, Jolán: Galilei-per a XX. században (Budapest, Kossuth Könyvkiadó, 1957); Lengyel, József: Az őszinteség lépcsőin (Bp., 1974); Litván, György: Emlékezés D. I.-ra (Világosság, 1978. 6. sz.); Major, Ottó: Duczynska (Arcok és maszkok, Bp., 1975); Major, Ottó: Egy magyar világforradalmár. Jegyzetek D. I.-ról (Kritika, 1978. 8. sz.). McRobbie, Kenneth: "Education and the Revolutionary Personality: The Case of Ilona Duczynska," Canadian Slavonic Papers 51(4)(2009). McRobbie, Kenneth: "Ilona Duczynska (1897-1978), From "Early Morning": Memories of a Hungarian Childhood." McRobbie, Kenneth: "Under the Sign of the pendulum: Childhood Experience as Determining Revolutionary Consciousness. Ilona Duczynska Polanyi", Canadian Journal of History, Autumn 2006; Vezér, Erzsébet: Duczynska Ilona (Élet és Irod., 1978. máj. 6.);
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TV interview (Valóság, 1975. 8. sz.); A század nagy tanúi (szerk. Borus Rózsa, Bp., 1978).