Jan Syrový

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Jan

Jan Syrový (24 January 1888 – 17 October 1970) was a Czechoslovak general who was the prime minister of Czechoslovakia during the Munich Crisis.

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Early life and military career Jan Syrový studied building at a technical school. Following his graduation in 1906, he became a one-year volunteer in the Austro-Hungarian army. After that, he studied at a technical college in Russia. During World War I, he fought in the Czechoslovak Legions of the Russian Army and lost his right eye at the Battle of Zborov. By the end of the war, he commanded the Legions and the anti-Bolshevik forces on the Trans-Siberian Railway. A well-known veteran commander, he served as Chief of Staff of the Czechoslovak Army from 1926 to 1933 and as its general inspector from 1933 to 1938. He helped to prepare the Czechoslovak Air Force with the help of Jan Antonín Baťa and moved military personnel and materials away from Nazi Germany.

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Munich Crisis When Milan Hodža's government resigned on 23 September 1938, President Edvard Beneš appointed Syrový to head a national unity government. Syrový demurred at first by insisting that he was just a soldier, not a politician, and that he lacked the qualifications and the relevant experience for such an important post. Beneš told Syrový that the nation needed him and added that as a soldier, Syrový should consider it not as an offer but an order. With some reluctance, Syrový accepted and took the defence portfolio as well. Barely a week after becoming prime minister, he was forced to accept the terms of the Munich Agreement on 30 September. Announcing the acceptance of the agreement in a nationwide radio address, he stated that Czechoslovakia was not in a position to turn the agreement down because without British or French support, the country was outnumbered and any conflict would result in severe casualties. "We were abandoned", he said. "We stand alone". After the resignation of Beneš on 5 October, Syrový assumed most presidential duties, in accord with the Czechoslovak Constitution until Emil Hácha was duly elected president on 30 November 1938. He resigned the premiership on 1 December 1938 and…Citește mai mult

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Later life On 14 May 1945, in the immediate aftermath of the war, Syrový was arrested and charged with collaboration although he had consciously steered clear of that as far as his office allowed. In a show trial of alleged collaborators in 1947, the National Court found him guilty, along with Rudolf Beran, and sentenced him to 20 years of imprisonment in severe conditions. Released in 1960 by Antonín Novotný's amnesty, Syrový was left with no pension or any means of maintenance, and the communist regime barred him from employment. Eventually, he was allowed to work as a nightwatchman, guarding Luděk Marold's panorama of the Battle of Lipany. Not until late 1967 would the regime grant him a limited retirement pension. Syrový was deeply wounded by the verdict of the National Court and remained so for the rest of his life. His own conscience was clear, and he never came to terms with the apparent injustice of the decision. He reviewed his trial in an interview for the Report Magazine in 1968 and stated that there were three critical pieces of evidence laid against him. The first was a snapshot of himself shaking hands with Adolf Hitler during a meeting…Citește mai mult

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Awarded by Belgium: Order of the Crown, in the grade of: Grand Officer

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Awarded by Czechoslovakia: Czechoslovak War Cross 1918: with four linden branches

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Order of the Falcon: with swords Czechoslovak Revolutionary Medal 1914–18 with clasps: "Č.D.", "Zborov" and numbers "1", "2"

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Awarded by Estonia: Military Order of the Cross of the Eagle, for the Protection of the Country: I. class

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Awarded by France: Légion d'honneur, in the grade of: Grand Officier Légion d'honneur, in the grade of: Commandeur Légion d'honneur, in the grade of: Officier Légion d'honneur, in the grade of: Chevalier [Knight]

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Awarded by Italy: Order of the Italian Crown: II. class

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Awarded by Japan: Order of the Sacred Treasure: II. class

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Order of St. Sava: I. class Order of the White Eagle: I. class Order of the White Eagle: II. class Order of the Karađorđe's Star with Swords : II. class

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Awarded by Lithuania: Order of Vytis Cross: Cross, II. class

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Order of Lāčplēsis: II. class Order of the Three Stars: II. class

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Awarded by Romania: Order of the Star of Romania: I. class

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Order of Faithful Service: I. class Commemorative Cross 1916-19: with the clasp: "Siberia"