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Josef Ludvík Fischer (6 November 1894 – 17 February 1973) was a Czech philosopher and sociologist, and an exponent of philosophical structuralism.
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Josef Ludvík Fischer (6 November 1894 – 17 February 1973) was a Czech philosopher and sociologist, and an exponent of philosophical structuralism.
Josef Ludvik Fischer a adăugat o fotografie
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Life Fischer was born on 6 November 1894 in Prague. After studies at upper secondary schools in České Budějovice and Třeboň (he graduated in 1912) he graduated from the Faculty of Arts, Charles University, majoring in Czech, German, and philosophy. He received his doctorate in 1919 (PhD. dissertation: Arthur Schopenhauer. Genese díla – Arthur Schopenhauer. Genesis of his works). From 1921 to 1923, he worked in Prague libraries and was actively involved in the left-wing movement. He contributed articles to Stanislav Kostka Neumann's Června, Bedřich Václavek's Studentské revue, and worked with Zdeněk Nejedlý on the magazine Var. Due to his left-wing activities, he was transferred away from Prague, to the Student Library in Olomouc, where he was employed until 1933. From 1924 to 1930, he was a member of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. In 1927, with his habilitation work Saint-Simon and Auguste Comte, Masaryk University in Brno awarded him the title Docent in Sociology, and in 1930 Docent in Philosophy. At the turn of the 1920s and 1930s, together with Bedřich Václavek and Jiří Mahen, he edited the magazine Index (1929–1939), and with Inocenc Arnošt Bláha and Emanuel Chalupný, he founded and edited the Sociologická revue (1930–1940, 1945–1948). From…
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Death Fischer died on 17 February 1973 in Olomouc. Death came to Fischer when he was still working at top capacity. In accordance with his conviction of the permanent incompleteness of our knowledge, he continued to rethink his categorical system and studied new natural science material for a planned contribution to the Soviet journal Voprosy filosofii (Questions of Philosophy). He was buried in the Central Cemetery in Olomouc-Neředín. In 1992, Fischer was awarded the Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, 4th class, in memoriam. Since 1994, a bronze memorial plaque with a relief of J. L. Fischer has been placed in the vestibule of the Palacký University Rector's Office. The Společnost Josefa Ludvíka Fischera (Josef Ludvík Fischer Society) was founded in Olomouc, a publisher which also runs the annual J. L. Fischer Memorial Lecture.
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Family Fischer was twice married. In 1925, he married Aloisia, née Konrádová, a teacher prior to their marriage, and had two children with her, Jiří (b. 1925) and Viola (b. 1935). After his divorce, he married a second time in 1961 to his former pupil, thirty-two years his junior, Jarmila Kantorková. This marriage produced two daughters, Soňa (born 1961) and Sylva (born 1963). His daughter Viola was a significant poet and translator; his daughter Sylva Fischerová is also a significant poet, writer, and university teacher. Membership in learned societies and professional organizations
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Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences Československá národní rada badatelská (Czechoslovak National Research Council) Česká akademie věd a umění (Czech Academy of Sciences and Art)
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Sociologická společnost (Sociology Society) Svaz československých spisovatelů (Czechoslovak Writers' Union)
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Accademia Teatina per le Scienze Centro Superiore di Logica e Scienze Comparate
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Philosophy His critical alignment with the philosophy of positivism and pragmatism led Fischer to develop his own philosophical system, which he called "compositional philosophy". It was intended to build on the structural methods of individual sciences which prefer the whole rather than the individual parts. The concept of the whole is one which Fischer defined in his Základy poznání (Foundations of Knowledge, 1931) through the help of the concept of function, and thus created an original system of functional structuralism, which he applied to his analysis of the societal reality in Krizi demokracie (Crisis of Democracy, 1933). For Fischer, the crisis of democracy was part of a more general cultural crisis, which he associated with a quantitative and mechanistic conception of reality. He schematized structural similarities between individual cultural elements (e.g. between science, economics, and politics) via the concept of the cultural prototype. Thus he anticipated several subsequent cultural-sociological problems (cf. Foucault's concept of the épistémè). He saw a way out of the crisis in the ontological rehabilitation of quality, which he returned to elaborate, along with other categories of function and structure, in his collection Filosofických studií (Philosophical Studies, 1968).
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In popular culture Zdeněk Vašíček recalled: "Ludvík Svoboda [President of Czechoslovakia 1968–1975] (...) in his memoirs [Cestami života, Vol 1, 1971] declares his deep interest in JLF in the 1930s and devotes a good twenty pages to the contents of his book ‘Krize demokracie’ [Crisis of Democracy]. The good president likely had never even heard of JLF. It was me who acquainted one of the ghostwriters of his memoir, Oldřich Janeček, with the works of JLF. He decided to spread JLF's philosophy by all means possible, including the president's memoirs. So it's no wonder that the late president's memoirs were soon taken off the sales shelves." Every November, Palacký University Olomouc holds the J. L. Fischer Memorial Lecture. The first took place in 1994 on the hundredth anniversary of the birth of the school's first rector after it was reinstated. The lecturer is chosen by a committee of Czech and international experts.
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Publications Arthur Schopenhauer. Genese díla (Příspěvek k psychologii tvorby) (1921)
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O vědomí (1922) Hovory a zpovědi. Dvě knihy neklidu a hledání. Kniha první (1922)
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Filosofie, její podstata a problémy (1922) Saint Simon a Auguste Comte. Příspěvek k dějinám sociologického racionalismu (1925)
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Útěk před starou filosofií (1927) Budoucnost evropské kultury. Vstupní čtení na Masarykově univerzitě 17. 10. 1927 (1928) Über die Zukunft der europäischen Kultur (1929)
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O neklidu dneška (1930) Základy poznání. Soustava skladebné filosofie na podkladě zkušenosti I (1931) Třetí říše. Úvodem do současného politického stavu (1932) Tyrš a sokolstvo. Historický a kritický rozbor sokolské ideologie (1932)
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Řád kapitalistický a skladebný (1933) Krize demokracie. I. Svoboda, II. Řád (1933)
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Věčný a časový úkol filosofie (1935) Národní tradice a česká filosofie. Úkoly a výzvy (1939)