Moshe Beregovski

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Moshe

Moisei Beregovsky (1892 – 12 August 1961, Russian: Моисей Яковлевич Береговский, romanized: Moisey Yakovlevich Beregovsky; Yiddish: משה אהרן בערעגאָװסקי, romanized: Moyshe Aron Beregovski) was a Soviet Jewish folklorist, musicologist and ethnomusicologist from the Ukrainian SSR who was a key figure in the study of Jewish music. He collected, studied and published about klezmer music, Yiddish song, wordless nigun melodies, and the music of Purim plays. His published collections, mostly only released after his death, remain important sources of Jewish music from the late Russian Empire and early Soviet period. Most of his research was done during the period of 1927–1949, during the Stalin era, during which he was faced not only with ideological restrictions, but a period of imprisonment in a forced labour camp from 1950 to 1955. He was rehabilitated after 1955 and continued his work in his final years during the Khrushchev-era.

Moshe Beregovski a adăugat o fotografie

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Early life Beregovsky was born in 1892 in Termakhivka hamlet, Radomyshl district, Kiev Governorate in the Russian Empire (today in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine). Conflicting dates exist for his exact birth date, which is often given as December 28. His father Yankel Volfovich Beregovsky was a melamed (a teacher in a Jewish parochial primary school or Cheder) and possibly a music teacher as well; his mother was called Sosya Seysokhovna. While he was still an infant, the family was forced by antisemitic legislation to relocate to Makarov. As a child he received a traditional education in a Cheder, studied in a Jewish reformed school and had Russian tutors as well; he also participated as a boy-chorister in a local synagogue. In 1905, at age 13, he was sent to Kyiv and studied in Gymnasiums there until 1912. Starting in 1915, he studied composition with the musicologist Boryslav Yavorsky and cello in the Kyiv Conservatory until 1920; during this time he founded and led the music division of the Jewish Culture League (Kultur Lige) and became involved in performance, choir directing and music education. In 1917 he was also recruited to work with the team categorizing the Jewish music collected by S.…Citește mai mult

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Career in music research Not long after returning to Kyiv, he helped establish a Commission for Jewish Folk Music Research at the AUAS. By 1928 he was doing music research full-time in the Commission for Jewish Folk Music Studies at the AUAS, which had been newly reorganized from the Music Ethnography Bureau, and in 1929 Beregovsky started making field expeditions to record folk music in Soviet Ukraine. In around 1929 he became head of the Musical Folklore section of the newly established Institute for Jewish Proletarian Culture (Russian: Институт еврейской пролетарской культуры), which was also based at the AUAS. At its height in 1934 this institute had a staff of 70. A phonograph archive was founded at the Institute, which took in field recordings made decades earlier by Joel Engel and Susman Kiselgof. Through the institute, Beregovsky published the first of his planned five collections of Jewish music, which he had been preparing since 1930, in 1934. There were meant to be five volumes, but this first volume Yidisher muzik-folklor would be the only one published during his lifetime. In 1936, the Institute for Jewish Proletarian Culture was closed during the Stalinist purges and many of its employees were imprisoned;…Citește mai mult

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Arrest, deportation, and final years On 18 August 1950 Beregovsky was arrested and accused of nationalist activity. On 7 February 1951 he was found guilty and sentenced to ten years of forced labour for anti-Soviet propaganda, agitation, and participation in a counterrevolutionary organization (the Kultur Lige). He was deported to the Ozerlag camp in the Irkutsk region. He was paroled in March 1955 due to poor health and returned to Kyiv, where he resumed his work with music manuscripts. He petitioned to be rehabilitated, which was approved in June 1956 with the support of important figures like Dmitri Shostakovich. He tried unsuccessfully to publish some of his as-of-yet unreleased works and prepared his archive to be sent to the Institute for Theatre, Music and Cinematography in Leningrad (today the Russian Institute for the History of Arts; Russian: Российский институт истории искусств). During his final months in hospital, the Canadian-American Yiddish song collector and folklorist Ruth Rubin travelled to the USSR and attempted to meet Beregovsky. He was too ill to see her but dictated a letter to his wife to deliver to her. He died of lung cancer on 12 August 1961.

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Legacy Beregovsky's work should be viewed not only in the context of his fellow Soviet Jewish researchers like Kiselgof and Sofia Magid, but also in the longer tradition of such Eastern European Jewish musicologists and ethnographers such as Abraham Zevi Idelsohn, Joel Engel, S. An-sky, and Y.L. Cahan, of whom Beregovsky was often harshly critical. His collected materials and writings about Jewish folk music, analyzed with greater rigour than his predecessors, are invaluable and brought these genres to the attention of the wider world of ethnomusicology. Unfortunately as a result of Stalinist policy his research was repressed during his lifetime, and shifting priorities in later eras meant that it was largely neglected, although not as completely as the work of some of his contemporaries. Beregovsky's Jewish Folk Songs was published by a Moscow publisher Soviet Composer in 1962, and much later in 1987 it published Jewish Instrumental Folk Music, edited by Max Goldin. A selection of his work, including folk songs, klezmer music and essays, was translated into English and published by Mark Slobin as Old Jewish Folk Music in 1982. Beregovsky's archive of wax cylinders, many from the pre-WWI Jewish Ethnographic Expedition directed by S. An-sky, was thought by…Citește mai mult

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Works (published) Jewish Musical Folklore (in Yiddish and Russian), USSR, 1934 Jewish folksongs (in Yiddish) (in collaboration with Itzik Feffer), Kyiv, 1938 Jewish Instrumental Folk Music (in Russian) (edited by Max Goldin, translation and transliteration by Velvl Chernin), "Muzyka" Publishing, Moscow, 1987 Jewish wordless tunes (in Russian), "Kompozitor" Publishing, Russia, 1999 Jewish Instrumental Folk Music (edited by Mark Slobin, Robert Rothstein, Michael Alpert) Syracuse University Press, 2001 Purimshpils (in Russian ) (compiled by E. Beregovska), "Dukh i litera" Publishing, Kyiv, 2001 Jewish Instrumental Folk Music, Second Edition (edited by Mark Slobin, Robert Rothstein, Michael Alpert, revised by Kurt Bjorling and Michael Alpert) www.muziker.org musical services, Evanston IL USA, 2015

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Recordings Beregovsky’s Wedding, CD (by Joel Rubin’s ensemble), Schott Wergo Publishing, Germany, 1997 Midnight Prayer, CD (by Joel Rubin’s ensemble), Traditional Crossroads, New York City, 2007 Beregovski Suite, CD (by Alicia Svigals & Uli Geissendoerfer), Vegas Records, New York, 2018