Przemysław Ogrodziński

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R.I.P
Przemysław

Przemysław Antoni Ogrodziński (4 May 1918 – 11 May 1980), also known by his pseudonyms 'Stanisław', 'Dyplomata', and 'Agapit' was a Polish diplomat and activist.

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Early life Przemysław "Przemek" Ogrodziński was born to a Polish family in Lemberg (modern Lviv, Ukraine) in the Austrian Empire. Lemberg was the capital of the Austrian province of Galicia, a region that spanned modern southeastern Poland and western Ukraine. Galicia was populated by a mixture of Poles, Ukrainians, and Yiddish-speaking Ashkenazi Jews. Shortly after Ogrodziński's birth, Galicia became part of the newly re-established Poland and Lemberg became the Polish city of Lwów. Ogrodziński graduated in law from Jagiellonian University in Kraków, before returning to his hometown of Lwów, where he became active in the Związek Niezależnej Młodzieży Socjalistycznej (Union of Independent Socialist Youth). As an young socialist activist in Lwów, Ogrodziński had many Jewish friends who were active in the Socialist movement.

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Occupation and the Underground In September 1939, the Soviet Union joined Germany in invading Poland. Polish Galicia was annexed to the Soviet Ukraine and Lwów was again renamed, now as Lvov. Under Soviet rule, Ogrodziński together with his father were imprisoned under charges of falsifying documents. In June 1941, Germany invaded the USSR and captured the Soviet half of Poland on the way. The Germans restored the Galician capital's Austrian name: Lemberg. Under the German occupation, Ogrodziński became involved in resistance activities, as a member of the Polish Socialist Party – Freedom, Equality, Independence and as the editor of the underground socialist newspaper O wolność i niezależność (For Freedom and Independence). Under the German occupation, the entire Jewish population of the city was forced to live in a ghetto, in dismal conditions. In August 1941, Ogrodziński assisted with the publication of an underground newspaper in the ghetto: Lwowski Tygodnik,. In May 1943, Ogrodziński was a founding member of the Lwów branch of Żegota, the Council to Aid Jews. He served as the treasurer to the local branch of Żegota that sought to hide Jews outside the ghetto and smuggle food to those still inside the ghetto. Working closely with the…Citește mai mult

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Rome and Paris In 1945, Ogrodziński joined the Polish diplomatic corps and served as a counselor in the Polish embassy in Rome. The Polish 2nd Corps had served as part of the British 8th Army in Italy, and Ogrodziński's main duty in Rome was to persuade members of the 2nd Corps to return to Poland instead of staying in exile in the West. In 1948, he returned to Poland to take part in the congress that united the Polish Workers' Party and the Polish Socialist Party into the Polish United Workers' Party, which was the official name of the Communist Party. In 1951, he was awarded 2nd Class Knight's Officer in the Order of the Banner of Labour. On 10 July 1952, he became the chargé d'affaires at the Polish embassy in Paris, serving as the de facto head of the Polish embassy until the spring of 1954, as the Polish ambassador to France was absent. In Paris, Ogrodziński was keen to capitalise on the weakening relations between France and the United States. His opportunity came with the proposed European Defence Community (EDC) which would permit West German rearmament, a subject arousing fierce opposition in France at the time. Working…Citește mai mult

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The International Control Commission From 1954 to 1956, Ogrodziński served as the first Polish Commissioner to the International Control Commission (ICC). The ICC supervised the Geneva Accords in Vietnam and comprised three delegations, from: Poland, Canada and India, with the Indian Commissioner serving as the Chief Commissioner of the ICC. Ogrodziński was given much leeway to operate in the manner that he felt best on the ICC, and contrary to expectations held in the West, he did not consult much with Moscow, Beijing or Warsaw before making a decision. Ogrodziński was informed "that the Indians must not be antagonized" as India's socialist neutralism was felt to make the Indians favorable to the Soviet bloc, but he was told to expect the worse from the Canadians whom it was believed were serving "agencies of the US". The first conference of the ICC in New Delhi on 1–6 August 1954 did not bring about the expected Canadian-Polish clash. The government of Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent was reluctant to have Canada involved in the ICC and only agreed under heavy American pressure. As a consequence, the Canadians wanted to keep their delegation as small as possible. The Poles also wanted to keep…Citește mai mult

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Director-General From 1956 to 1962 Ogrodziński was the Director-General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, making him the number three man in the Foreign Ministry. The new Polish Foreign Minister, Adam Rapacki, was one of the leaders of the more liberal side of the Communist party, but most of the team he selected were people who had loyally served the Stalinist regime. Ogrodziński had loyally served the Stalinist faction prior to 1956, but after 1956 as Rapacki's right-hand man he became associated with the liberalizing faction in the Communist Party. The Polish historian Wŀodzimier Borodziej described Ogrodziński as typical of the Polish generation whose formative life experiences were the German occupation in World War Two. For many of Ogrodziński's generation, the refusal of the West German government, established in 1949, to recognize the Oder-Neisse line as Poland's western frontier, whilst maintaining a territorial claim to various territories now part of Poland, looked alarmingly similar to the refusal of successive German governments, in the interwar period, to recognize the eastern frontiers of Germany established by the Treaty of Versailles. The fact that many of the officials in the West German government were men who had loyally served the Nazi regime added…Citește mai mult

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India In a demotion, Ogrodziński was appointed the Polish ambassador to India. Despite his removal to New Delhi, Ogrodziński still retained influence as one of the favorite advisers to Rapacki. Because an Indian diplomat always served as the Chief Commissioner of the ICC, the Polish Foreign Ministry attached much importance to relations with India in the 1960s, and Ogrodziński was appointed ambassador in New Delhi largely because Rapacki wanted an able diplomat whom he could trust as the ambassador to India. On 24 September 1962, Ogrodziński presented his credentials to President Rajendra Prasad of India at the Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi. From February–June 1963, he also served as the Polish ambassador to Ceylon (modern Sri Lanka). As an ambassador, Ogrodziński was involved in the Marigold negotiations, an attempt in 1966 to end the Vietnam war. During the Marigold talks, Ogrodziński was in regular contact with Roland Michener, the Canadian high commissioner in New Delhi, as proposals were made to have a conference chaired by the ICC powers. Ogrodziński advised Warsaw to "express our consent", as rejecting the proposal would "strengthen Rightist tendencies" in the Indian government, while accepting it "could be played out to show that the rigidity of…Citește mai mult

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Norway In 1968, in the aftermath of the "March Events", Ogrodziński refused to join the "anti-Zionist" campaign that saw a number of Polish Jews sacked from their jobs. Rapacki was sacked in 1968, and Ogrodziński's career went into decline with his sacking. In another demotion, Ogrodziński was appointed ambassador to Norway. On 10 June 1969, Ogrodziński presented his credentials as Poland's ambassador to King Olav V of Norway at the Royal Palace, Oslo. He was also appointed the Polish ambassador to Iceland. On 15 October 1969, he traveled to Reykjavík to present his credentials to President Kristján Eldjárn at the Bessastaðir. He served as the Polish ambassador to Norway and Iceland until his retirement in May 1975.

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Family life Halina and Przemek had a son called Piotr, who also became a diplomat and who served as the Polish ambassador to Canada, 2004–2009. Przemysław Ogrodziński died in 1980.

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Books and articles Anderson, Sheldon (2010). "The German Question and Polish-East German Relations, 1945-1962". In Tobias Hochscherf; Christoph Laucht; Andrew Plowman (eds.). Divided, But Not Disconnected: German Experiences of the Cold War. Oxford: Berghahn Books. pp. 99–104. ISBN 978-1845456467. Borodziej, Wŀodzimier (2007). "1956 As a turning point in Poland's foreign policy". In Jan Rowiński; Tytus Jaskułowski (eds.). The Polish October 1956 in World Politics. Warsaw: Polski Instytut Spraw Międzynarodowych. pp. 327–346. ISBN 978-8389607218. Czarnecki, Wacław; Durko, Janusz; Hałoń, Edward (1994). Polska Partia Socjalistyczna w latach wojny i okupacji 1939-1945: księga wspomnień. Warsaw: Polska Fundacja Upowszechniania Nauki. ISBN 8385618155. Hershberg, James (2012). Marigold: The Lost Chance for Peace in Vietnam. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0804783880. Kelly, Brendan (2019). The Good Fight: Marcel Cadieux and Canadian Diplomacy. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. ISBN 978-0774860024. Khonigsman, Iakov Samoĭlovich (1997). The Catastrophy of Jewry in Lvov. Lviv: Solom-Aleichem Jewish Society of Culture. Lewinówna, Zofia (1969). Righteous among Nations: How Poles helped the Jews, 1939-1945. London: Earlscourt Publications Ltd. Pasztor, Marie (2007). "France and the Polish October of 1956". In Jan Rowiński; Tytus Jaskułowski (eds.). The Polish October 1956 in World Politics. Warsaw: Polski Instytut Spraw Międzynarodowych. pp. 263–276. ISBN 978-8389607218. Piekałkiewicz, Jarosław…Citește mai mult