Sofia Okunevska (Ukrainian: Софія Окуневська, German: Sofia Okunewska; 12 May 1865 – 24 February 1926) was a Ukrainian physician, educator, feminist, and scholar. She was the first woman in Galicia to receive a gymnasium diploma and obtain a university education, and also the first female Doctor of Medicine and the first female physician in Austria-Hungary. She pioneered the use of radiation therapy for combating cancer in Galicia and Austria-Hungary. She organized courses for nursing sisters and midwives, co-sponsored the establishment of the first medical trade union, and compiled a dictiona
Sofia Okunevska (Ukrainian: Софія Окуневська, German: Sofia Okunewska; 12 May 1865 – 24 February 1926) was a Ukrainian physician, educator, feminist, and scholar. She was the first woman in Galicia to receive a gymnasium diploma and obtain a university education, and also the first female Doctor of Medicine and the first female physician in Austria-Hungary. She pioneered the use of radiation therapy for combating cancer in Galicia and Austria-Hungary. She organized courses for nursing sisters and midwives, co-sponsored the establishment of the first medical trade union, and compiled a dictionary of Ukrainian medical terminology. In addition to practicing medicine in Lviv, she also worked in Switzerland, Czechia, and in the Austrian camps during World War I.
Okunevska was a public activist and an important figure of the feminist movement in Galicia and Austria-Hungary. She also ventured into other fields of study, such as literature and various scientific studies.
She spent the last years of her life in Lviv, where she led a small medical practice. Sofia Okunevska died in a hospital of purulent appendicitis and was buried in the Lychakiv Cemetery.
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R.I.P Sofia
Early life and education Okunevska was born on 12 May 1865 in the village of Dovzhanka, near Ternopil, into the family of Greek-Catholic priest Atanas Danylovych Okunevsky and Karolina Luchakovska. Her mother died in 1870, and Sofia was thenceforth raised by her aunt, Teofilie Okunevska-Ozarkevich. At that time she met and befriended her cousin, the future writer Nataliya Kobrynska. In 1884, Okunevska obtained permission to take exams for the gymnasium course, and in 1885, which she brilliantly passed at the Lviv Academic Gymnasium, causing a sensation throughout Galicia. Since women in Austria-Hungary did not have the right to study in universities until 1900, in 1887 Okunevska and her cousin Kobrynska enrolled in a university in Switzerland. Kobrynska studied economics, while Okunevska attended the medical faculty of the University of Zurich. In January 1896, she successfully graduated, becoming the first Ukrainian woman of Galicia to obtain a medical university education, and indeed the first female doctor from Austrian lands. Her doctoral dissertation on blood changes under the influence of anemia earned her the medical degree of Doctor of Medicine. While in Zurich, Sofia Okunevska met a student named Vatslav Damyan Morachevsky (1865-1950), a native of Warsaw, who was known for his…
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Feminist movement and other activities
Sofia Okunevska was lifelong friends with Olha Kobylianska.
Okunevska, along with her friends Nataliya Kobrynska and Olha Kobylianska, actively contributed to the development of the women's movement in Galicia and Bukovina. She was a passionate advocate of long walks in nature, horseback riding, skiing, conquering mountain peaks, and trying to participate in other sports activities that were only actively promoted by men at the time.
In 1887, she debuted in literature with her socio-psychological story "Sand. Sand!" (Ukrainian: «Пісок. Пісок!») about urban life. Okunevska authored the scientific investigation "Women's Domestic Slavery in Wedding Songs and Ritual" under her pseudonym of "Yerina", further compiling the works of "Family bondage in songs and wedding ceremonies" (Ukrainian: «Родинна неволя в піснях і обрядах весільних») as well as the premier women's almanac in Galicia, titled "First Wreath" (Ukrainian: «Перший вінок»).
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Career and later life In January 1896, after Okunevska had become a doctor, she returned to Galicia with her husband, Vatslav Morachevsky. They could not immediately find employment in Galicia, as the Austrian government did not recognize foreign diplomas at the time. In 1898, Okunevska gave birth to her daughter, Eva. In March 1900, the Senate of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, at the time subject to Austrian rule as well, recognized the diplomas, but they couldn't find work still. Morachevsky subsequently went to Karlovy Vary, where he opened his private practice, while Okunevska stayed in Lviv with their children. Okunevska started to work at the "People's Clinic" founded by her cousin Dr. Yevhen Ozarkevych in 1903. She chose gynecology and became the region's first female gynecologist. At "People's Clinic," she organized courses for nursing sisters and midwives, compiled a Ukrainian medical terminology dictionary, and helped establish the "Medical Commission," the first doctors' union. She was the first oncologist in Galicia and Austria-Hungary to utilize radiation therapy in treating cancer. Okunevska was a full member of the Shevchenko Scientific Society, actively working in its mathematical-naturalist-medical section. Her scientific research on osmosis, erythrocyte osmotic pressure, was published in the medical collection…
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Literature Вознюк В. О. Велич і сила Софії Окуневської / В. Вознюк // Вознюк В. О. До джерел культури Буковини. — Чернівці, 2002. — С. 53—65; Буковина. — 2000. — 24 травня (№ 138). — С. 1, 3. Вознюк В. О. Видатна подруга видатної письменниці: [Софія Окуневська-Марачевська та Ольга Кобилянська] / Володимир Вознюк // Доба. — 2003. — 28 жовтня (ч. 48). — С. 4. Врублевська В. В. Шарітка з Рунгу: Біографічний роман про Ольгу Кобилянську. — К. : ВЦ «Академія», 2007. — 512 с. — (Автографи часу). Гусар Ю. С.. Видатна подруга видатної письменниці: [Про Софію Окуневську-Морачевську] / Юхим Гусар // Буковинське віче.- 2010. — 7 травня (№ 33). — С. 3. Лікар Софія Окуневська (1865—1926 рр.) // Кобилянський С. Д. Історія медицини Буковини: цифри і факти / С. Д. Кобилянський, В. П. Пішак, Б. Я. Дробніс. — Чернівці, 1999. — С. 68. Огуй О. Д. Окуневська-Морачевська Софія Archived 2016-10-19 at the Wayback Machine // Енциклопедія історії України : у 10 т. / редкол.: В. А. Смолій (голова) та ін. ; Інститут історії України НАН України. — Київ : Наукова думка, 2010. — Т. 7 : Мл — О. — С. 560. — 728 с. : іл. — ISBN…
