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Stefan Bronisław Starzyński (19 August 1893 – between 21 and 23 December 1939) was a Polish statesman, economist, military officer and Mayor of Warsaw before and during the Siege of 1939.
Stefan Starzyński a adăugat o fotografie
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Stefan Bronisław Starzyński (19 August 1893 – between 21 and 23 December 1939) was a Polish statesman, economist, military officer and Mayor of Warsaw before and during the Siege of 1939.
Stefan Starzyński a adăugat o fotografie
acum o oră
Early life, studies and career Stefan Bronisław Starzyński was born on 19 August 1893 in Warsaw. He participated in the 1905 school strike. After graduating from a gymnasium, he enrolled in the Department of Economics at the Higher School of Trade (Wyższe Kursy Handlowe), a private-run university, now Warsaw School of Economics. In 1909 he also joined various patriotic organizations, including the Riflemen's Association (Związek Strzelecki). In August 1914, after the outbreak of the Great War, he joined Piłsudski's Polish Legions and became an ordinary soldier in the 1st Brigade. He took part in all battles and skirmishes of his Brigade and was quickly promoted to officer. After the Pledge Crisis in 1917 he was arrested and, together with most of his colleagues, interned in Beniaminów. In November 1918 he joined the Polish Army and became the Chief of Staff of the 9th Polish Infantry Division. During the Polish-Bolshevik War he was transferred to the 2nd Department of the General Staff, which carried out mostly intelligence tasks. After demobilization he remained in public service. He supervised one of the repatriation commissions in Moscow and later one of the departments of the Ministry of Treasury. In the years 1929–30 and 1931–32…
Stefan Starzyński a adăugat o fotografie
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Mayor of Warsaw In the early 1930s Warsaw had a huge hole in its budget. The city's development had been halted by a lack of funds while the population continued to grow rapidly. On 1 August 1934, Starzyński was chosen by the Sanacja régime to become the mayor of Warsaw, and was given special powers. Local authorities were disbanded and Starzyński became responsible only to central government. At first Starzyński was viewed by the majority of Varsovians as yet another Sanacja stooge imposed on a city that mostly supported the opposition. But he soon gained popularity, even among his former enemies. He initiated a plan for fast-track reform of the financial system. The money saved thanks to these reforms was reinvested in public works that reduced unemployment. He managed to electrify the suburbs of Wola and Grochów, pave all the major roads out of Warsaw, and to connect the city centre with the newly built northern district of Żoliborz through a bridge over the northern railway line. These actions earned him the nickname "mayor of the suburbs". He became popular among the inhabitants of the borough of Śródmieście (City Centre) for his action of planting trees and flowers along the…
Stefan Starzyński a adăugat o fotografie
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The Warsaw National Museum was built Two major parks were opened to the public (one of them is now a National Reserve)
Stefan Starzyński a adăugat o fotografie
acum o oră
World War II After the start of the German Invasion of Poland in 1939 Starzyński, refused to leave Warsaw together with other state authorities and diplomats on 4 September. Instead he joined the army as a major of infantry. The Minister of War shortly before his departure created the Command of the Defense of the Capital with general Walerian Czuma as its commander. On 7 September the forces of 4th German Panzer Division managed to break the Polish lines near Częstochowa and started their march towards Warsaw. Most of the city authorities were evacuated to the east. Warsaw was left with a military garrison composed mainly of infantry battalions and batteries of artillery. The Headquarters of general Czuma had to organize the defense of the city. However, there was some misunderstanding among the command. At that time Poland still believed that any time soon Great Britain and France would attack Germany according to the treaties which were signed by these countries at the beginning of 1939. As it happened these obligations were never to materialise. However, at that stage the Polish authorities wanted to preserve younger reservists for future fighting, so the spokesman of the garrison of Warsaw issued a…
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Arrest and death On 5 October he was arrested by the Gestapo and, together with several other prominent inhabitants of Warsaw, held hostage as a warrant of safety for Adolf Hitler during a parade of victory held in Warsaw. The following day all of them were released. On 27 October 1939 he was again arrested by the Gestapo and imprisoned in the Pawiak prison. In December he was yet again offered to escape, but he again refused claiming that it would be too costly to those involved in his escape. His fate remained unknown until, on 8 September 2014, the Polish IPN-Institute of National Remembrance (Instytut Pamięci Narodowej) officially closed the investigation of the circumstances of his death. Based on a recent eyewitness testimony, the IPN's commission of inquiry came to the conclusion that Stefan Starzyński was shot by the Gestapo at some point between 21 and 23 December 1939. in Warsaw or its surroundings. The crime was committed by Gestapo functionaries Oberscharführer Hermann Schimmann, Hauptscharführer Weber, and Unterscharführer Perlbach. However, it has not been possible to unambiguously establish the Gestapo functionaries who had given the order to kill Stefan Starzyński. According to an earlier version of the account, which…
Stefan Starzyński a lăsat un gând
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Legacy and remembrance After the war the rebuilt Warszawa II radio station was named after him. Currently there are several monuments to Starzyński in Warsaw as well as a street and several schools named after him. His September 1939 radio broadcasts are now considered to be a part of popular culture in Poland. Starzyński's quiet, hoarsened voice and the texts of his speeches are nowadays easily recognizable by most Varsovians. In 2003 the readers of news papers and the spectators of the Warsaw branch of the public television elected Starzyński as the Varsovian of the Century by a huge majority of votes. In 1978 his popularized story was filmed by Andrzej Trzos-Rastawiecki in his movie Gdziekolwiek jesteś, panie prezydencie (Wherever You Are, Mr. Mayor).
Stefan Starzyński a lăsat un gând
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Silver Cross of Virtuti Militari Order of the Cross of Grunwald, 1st Class Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta
Stefan Starzyński a lăsat un gând
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Gold Cross of Merit Commemorative Medal for the War of 1918–1921
Stefan Starzyński a lăsat un gând
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Gold Academic Laurel Medal of the 10th Anniversary of Regained Independence Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold II (Belgium) Grand Officer of the Order of the Crown of Italy (Italy) Order of the Cross of the Eagle, 2nd Class (Estonia)
Stefan Starzyński a lăsat un gând
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General Norbert Konwinski (1978). The Mayor: Saga of Stefan Starzynski. Claremont: Diversified Enterprises. ISBN 0-9601790-0-3. Marian Marek Drozdowski (1980). Stefan Starzyński, prezydent Warszawy (in Polish). Warsaw: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy. p. 394. ISBN 83-06-00265-2. various authors (1982). Marian Marek Drozdowski (ed.). Wspomnienia o Stefanie Starzyńskim (in Polish). Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. p. 427. ISBN 83-01-02785-1. Julian Kulski (1990). Stefan Starzyński w mojej pamięci (in Polish). Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. p. 133. ISBN 83-01-10180-6. Stefan Starzyński (1994). Marian Marek Drozdowski; Juliusz Ludwik Englert; Hanna Szwankowska (eds.). Chciałem by Warszawa była wielka (in Polish). Warsaw: Obywatelski Komitet Budowy Pomnika Stefana Starzyńskiego, Omnia. p. 160. ISBN 83-85252-56-8. Anna Kardaszewicz; Towarzystwo im. Stanisława ze Skarbimierza (corporate author) (2000). Stefan Starzyński (in Polish). Warsaw: DiG. p. 100. ISBN 83-7181-109-8. {{cite book}}: |last2= has generic name (help) Stefan Starzyński; Marian Marek Drozdowski, Lech Kaczyński (2004). Marian Marek Drozdowski (ed.). Archiwum Prezydenta Warszawy Stefana Starzyńskiego (in Polish). p. 394. ISBN 83-7399-075-5.