Władysław Dominik Grabski (pronounced [vwaˈdɨswav ˈɡrapskʲi]; in official Russian documents Владисла́в Фе́ликсович Гра́бский; 7 July 1874 – 1 March 1938) was a Polish National Democratic politician, economist and historian. He was the main author of the currency reform in the Second Polish Republic and served as Prime Minister of Poland in 1920 and from 1923 to 1925. He was the brother of Stanisław Grabski and Zofia Kirkor-Kiedroniowa. He was responsible for the creation of the Bank of Poland and implementing the zloty. Grabski's cabinet became the longest-standing cabinet in interwar Poland.
Władysław Dominik Grabski (pronounced [vwaˈdɨswav ˈɡrapskʲi]; in official Russian documents Владисла́в Фе́ликсович Гра́бский; 7 July 1874 – 1 March 1938) was a Polish National Democratic politician, economist and historian. He was the main author of the currency reform in the Second Polish Republic and served as Prime Minister of Poland in 1920 and from 1923 to 1925. He was the brother of Stanisław Grabski and Zofia Kirkor-Kiedroniowa.
He was responsible for the creation of the Bank of Poland and implementing the zloty. Grabski's cabinet became the longest-standing cabinet in interwar Poland. At the same time, however, Grabski's cabinet was severely criticized. Stanisław Głąbiński, for example, criticized Grabski's inefficiencies in the sphere of international relations, and Wincenty Witos disapproved of Grabski's deficient agricultural reform, as well as his inability to inform the public of the state's real financial situation.
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R.I.P Władysław
Life Władysław Grabski was born in 1874, in a family manor in Borów (a part of Gmina Bielawy) near Łowicz, Congress Poland, Russian Empire. He studied politics at the École Libre des Sciences Politiques (today: Sciences Po) and history at the University of Sorbonne. While in Paris, Grabski's political views changed. He abandoned the socialist ideas and turned more towards the right. The years Władysław Grabski had spent in Paris became an impetus behind Grabski's desire for his involvement in the Polish government. Soon after Grabski's return from Paris, in 1905, he founded the Agricultural Society in Łowicz, in central Poland. The Society quickly won the support of many peasants, which in turn led to the creation of the National Labor Union. Due to the growing autonomy and strength of Grabski's Agricultural Society and the Union, in 1905, Grabski was arrested by the Russian authorities and imprisoned in Warsaw. Grabski's imprisonment, however, lasted less than a year. In 1905, Grabski was elected on behalf of National Democracy as a member of three successive sessions of the Duma, the legislative assembly of the Russian Empire. He was a deputy in Duma until 1912. It was at that time that he became…
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R.I.P Władysław
Currency reform Grabski's (and the ministerial cabinet's) great achievement in those years was the foundation of the Bank of Poland and the creation of the new Polish currency – the gold-based zloty which replaced the Polish mark. The Act of 11 January 1924 on the improvement of the state's treasury and currency reform introduced a new monetary system and established the issuing bank. The Bank of Poland was founded as a joint stock company, which was supposed to guarantee its 'independence' from the government and the state treasury. The Act also abolished the Polish National Savings Union which had acted as an issuing bank. Its functions were taken over by the Bank of Poland. Stanisław Karpiński became the first president of the Bank of Poland. On 14 January, the organizing committee of the Bank of Poland was established, and, on 26 January, the sale of the bank's shares began. Payments could only be made in foreign currencies and in gold. On 15 April, during the first shareholders' meeting, the Bank of Poland Joint Stock Company was established. Grabski went further than just establishing the Bank of Poland and the currency. He built a network of state banks and founded the…
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R.I.P Władysław
Perception among Polish Jews
Between 1924 and 1926, mass emigration of Polish Jews to Palestine took place following the economic restrictions placed on Jews in Poland. This wave of Jewish migration became known as "Grabski's Aliyah" (Aliyah being the traditional Hebrew word for immigration to the Land of Israel) owing to the financial reforms conducted by Władysław Grabski at that time. In American Jewish media sources, Grabski's reforms were described as "an anti-Jewish taxation policy so severe that it resulted in a great immigration movement to Palestine, known as 'the Grasski Aliyah.'"
Scholars assessing the Grabski financial reforms note how the introduction of new finance policies strengthened political institutions. In the case of the 1924-25 reform program, fundamental changes were made to taxation policy and led to the increase of direct taxation that required increased state-citizen interactions. One effect of these reforms was that the state gathered extensive information on business activities and demanded taxation payments. The enactment of these policies was not without consequence as many citizens, especially Jewish merchants, perceived the reform as an unfair reform that demanded undue levels of taxation.
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R.I.P Władysław
Legacy
In 2004, Poland celebrated the 130th anniversary of Władyslaw Grabski's birthday and the 80th anniversary of the public finance reforms he introduced. In September 2003, the Sejm of the Republic of Poland passed a resolution proclaiming 2004 as Władyslaw Grabski's Year.
In 2004, a statue was unveiled in his birthplace village of Borów.
The Warsaw Agricultural University labelled him as a "great Pole, great statesman, social activist and a man of great heart and mind, one of the brightest Poles of the interwar period".
In July 2006, the newly opened Main Library of the Warsaw Agricultural University was named after Grabski, and in front of the library, the statue of Grabski was placed.
His grandson, Andrzej Feliks Grabski (1934–2000), became a historian.
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Historia Towarzystwa Rolniczego 1858–1861 (1904)
Bilans Królestwa Polskiego w finansach Rosji (1909)
Rocznik Statystyczny Królestwa Polskiego 1914 (ed.) (1915)
Cel i zadania polityki agrarnej w Polsce (1918)
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O własnych siłach (1926)
Dwa lata pracy u podstaw państwowości naszej (1927)
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Decorations and awards
Knight of the Order of the White Eagle (12 April 1924)
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown (Romania)
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Order of Orange-Nassau (Netherlands)
Knight of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (Italy)
Order of the White Lion, 1st class (Czechoslovakia)
Grand Cross of the Order of Pius IX (Vatican City)
Order of the Cross of Liberty, 1st class (Civil) (Estonia)
