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Yurii Kosmych Hlushko (Ukrainian: Ю́рій Косьмич Глушко́, known by the pseudonym Mova (Ukrainian: Мова; 4 April 1882 – 28 October 1942), was a Ukrainian public and political figure, one of the organizers of Ukrainian national cultural existence in Green Ukraine (Zelenyi Klyn).
Yuri Hlushko-Mova a adăugat o fotografie
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Yurii Kosmych Hlushko (Ukrainian: Ю́рій Косьмич Глушко́, known by the pseudonym Mova (Ukrainian: Мова; 4 April 1882 – 28 October 1942), was a Ukrainian public and political figure, one of the organizers of Ukrainian national cultural existence in Green Ukraine (Zelenyi Klyn).
Yuri Hlushko-Mova a adăugat o fotografie
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Life Hlushko was born on 4 April 1882 in the village of Nova Basan, Chernihiv Oblast. In 1896 Hlushko graduated from the Zhmerynka two-class railway school, and in 1899, the Kiev Technical Railway School as a speciality technician. During 1901–1903, he worked as a machinist (steamship engineer) in the Voluntary Fleet which provided sea transportation from Odessa to Vladivostok. During 1883 – 1901 the steamship company transported immigrants from Ukraine to Green Ukraine. Between 1904 and 1907, he worked for the Chinese Eastern Railway in Manchuria. From 1907, he lived in Vladivostok, worked as a draftsman and technician (1908–1910), and later as a technician in the construction of the Vladivostok fortress (1911–1916). Since then, he has connect his life with Ukrainian cultural life in Vladivostok. He began to use his creative pseudonym – Yuri Mova - first recorded in 1908. He became active in the amateur Ukrainian theater society organized by the local Ukrainian community and the Ukrainian student society. Hlushko was mobilized during the First World War and served at the Caucasian front in 1916–1917. In the spring of 1918 he became the head of the Vladivostok Ukrainian society "Prosvita" (Ukrainian: Просвіта—"Enlightenment") and the Vladivostok Ukrainian Council. He became…
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Secretariat of the Green Wedge In the Autumn of 1918, Hlushko initiated the IV Ukrainian Far Eastern Congress in Vladivostok, where he was approved by the head of the Ukrainian Far Eastern Secretariat – the executive body of the Ukrainian Far Eastern Regional Council, Since then, Hlushko became the head of the Ukrainian National Liberation Movement of the Green Wedge. The full registration of statehood did not come due to unfavourable military-political circumstances. But, having a modest financial capabilities. Hlushko published Ukrainian editions: Sincere Speech, the Constitution of National and Cultural Autonomy of Ukrainians in the Far East. There was an idea of political unification with the Ukrainian People's Republic and the return of Ukrainian immigrants to their homeland, but they failed to implement.
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Chita Trial & Exile Bolsheviks and the White Guards were equally hostile to Hlushko, He was first arrested in 1919 by the White Guards, but managed to escape and hide before the fall of the regime of Admiral Kolchak. He was arrested for the second time in November 1922. This time, the closest employees of Hlushko were also imprisoned. They were charged with concluding an agreement with the Whites in order to establish Ukrainian national and cultural autonomy in the Far East, and they received financial assistance from Japan, and extradite passports of the Ukrainian People's Republic with national symbols, spreading anti-soviet rumours and "counter-revolutionary" literature, illegal appointment of teachers to Ukrainian national schools. From September 1924 to April 1925, the trial took place in the city of Chita; 122 people appeared before the court: former white officers, cossacks, and the representatives of the Ukrainian intelligentsia, supporters of the movement for the independence of the green wedge. The main judge was Alexey Grigorievich Serebryakov. The court was public: the authorities sought to intimidate the population and show the determination in the struggle against the "counter-revolution" At the trial, the Soviet authorities stigmatized the following Ukrainian Associations:
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Commodity Of Ukraine Amur (Free) At the Chita trial he was accused of: organization of the Ukrainian underground, the desire to create an independent state of the Green Wedge, relations with Japan. My whole fault is in front of you that I wanted a Ukrainian here in the Far East to have the right to be Ukrainian – to speak in the mother’s language, to sing songs from fathers, to read the books of our writers. A power that fears the truth is forced to fear those who speak their native language. With being charged of espionage in favour of Japan. Hlushko replied: I wasn't a spy of Japan. My only dream is that my people live freely and proudly under the sky of the Green Klin. He sat under Kolchak and was sentenced to death for fighting for organizing a Ukrainian Klyn, in order to prevent the russification of Ukrainians and their use for fratricidal struggle. Hlushko was sentenced to 10–15 years in the camps, a lifetime ban on living in the far eastern territory and the territory of the Ukrainian SSR. In the last word, many defendants did not address the judges, but to their people, as if…
Yuri Hlushko-Mova a lăsat un gând
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Later life Hlushko returned to Ukraine and settled in Kyiv – probably under a different name. This assumption is because Yurii managed to avoid repression in the 1930s, which was almost impossible, given his previous activities. During this period, he worked as an engineer of construction organizations and, as he later said: "I had to hide all my life, to disguise himself to the layman, so that no one guessed who I am." Most of the documents that were stored in the family and could become compromising were burned. When the Nazis occupied Kyiv in the fall of 1941, Yurri Hlushko was without work and practically without means of subsistence. The writer Dokiya Humenna left a memory of him during this period: “The Sofiewevsky Board (Lvivska, 9) came and so did Hlushko-Mova, maybe not so much for help, but to ask for what work. He was a very tall, bent and slender, old gray man. Striked on the then background with his elegance, artistry. Ironing, cleanliness, selective attention to your appearance and even a black butterfly under the neck. The facial features are very aristocratic and, surprisingly, did not do anything old with its beauty. His impromptuness, eloquence and freshness…
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Memorials In 2012, the chairy fund "Heroika" installed a new monument – the cossack cross – the cossack cross on the grave of the Ukrainian patriot. In December 2019, in honour of Yurii Hlushko, the former Bolshevik Street of Pubiysky in the Shevchenkivskyi district of the capital was renamed.
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Works Підручник актьорові. — Владивосток, 1918.
Yuri Hlushko-Mova a lăsat un gând
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Literature Глушко Юрій // Енциклопедія українознавства. Словникова частина. — Т. 1. — С. 389. (in Ukrainian) Попок А. Глушко Юрій // Енциклопедія історії України. — Т. 2. — К., 2005. — С. 124–125. (in Ukrainian) Биховський Л. Ю. К. Глушко-Мова // Нові дні. — 1952. — Вересень. (in Ukrainian) Світ І. Суд над українцями в Читі в 1923—1924 рр. // Визвольний шлях. — 1963. — Книги 3–5. (in Ukrainian) Чорномаз В. Глушко-Мова Юрій // Енциклопедія сучасної України. — Т.5. — К., 2006. (in Ukrainian) Степанов Іван. Українець з Далекого Сходу // Дзеркало тижня. — 2002. — No. 15 (390). (in Ukrainian)