Bronisław Piotr Piłsudski (Polish: [brɔˈɲiswaf piwˈsut͡skʲi]; 2 November 1866 – 17 May 1918) was a Polish ethnologist who researched the Ainu people after he was exiled by Tsar Alexander III of Russia to the Far East. Piłsudski considered himself Polish, Lithuanian, and Samogitian. Thus some sources identify him as Polish, others as Lithuanian. In addition to the Ainu, he conducted research on the Orork and Nivkh indigenous peoples of Sakhalin Island. He pioneered Ainu language research in the late 19th century, laying the groundwork for future studies. Piłsudski pioneered research into Lithua
