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Eligiusz Józef Niewiadomski (1 December 1869 – 31 January 1923) was a Polish modernist painter and art critic who sympathized with the right-wing National Democracy movement. In 1922, he assassinated Poland's first President, Gabriel Narutowicz, in his first week in office as president.
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Eligiusz Józef Niewiadomski (1 December 1869 – 31 January 1923) was a Polish modernist painter and art critic who sympathized with the right-wing National Democracy movement. In 1922, he assassinated Poland's first President, Gabriel Narutowicz, in his first week in office as president.
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Life Niewiadomski was born into a family of gentry descent. His father, Wincenty Niewiadomski, of the Prus coat-of-arms, was a veteran of the January Uprising and a worker at the Warsaw mint. At the age of two, Eligiusz lost his mother Julia, and was raised by his elder sister Cecylia. After graduating from a local trade school in 1888, Niewiadomski moved to St. Petersburg, where he continued his studies at the Imperial Academy of Arts. He graduated in 1894 with honors, and won a scholarship to the École Supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris. After his return to Warsaw, he became a student of Wojciech Gerson, one of the best-known Polish artists of the age. After 1897, he taught drawing at the Warsaw Polytechnic. He also collaborated with a number of Warsaw-based magazines and newspapers as a journalist and art critic, which gave him considerable notoriety, mostly among the artists themselves. He became involved in various artistic movements, among them the "re-discovery" of the Tatra Mountains, which at the time attracted some of the most renowned Polish painters, poets and writers as a source of inspiration. Niewiadomski prepared and published a map of the Tatras, one of the first tourist maps…
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On 9 December 1922 Gabriel Narutowicz was elected by the National Assembly as the first President of Poland. After a heated debate, Narutowicz's candidacy managed to gather 289 votes, including 113 votes of various national minority MPs. The defeated candidate of the National Democratic Party Maurycy Zamoyski gathered 227 votes, yet the National Democrats decided to boycott the President and announced that he was elected by the "Reds, Jews, and Germans" rather than Poles. This started a period of civil unrest in Warsaw, where the supporters of nationalist ideas protested against the election of their president. On 16 December 1922 the newly elected president attended the opening of an art exhibition at the Zachęta Art Gallery. Niewiadomski, a frequent guest at such gatherings, pulled out his pistol, approached Narutowicz, and shot him. The president died instantly. Arrested on 30 December, Niewiadomski demanded a death sentence for himself and was sentenced to death by firing squad. The sentence was carried out at the Warsaw Citadel on 31 January 1923. He was 53 years old. His body was interred at Warsaw's Powązki Cemetery. A few months after his death, a renowned psychiatrist, Maurycy Urstein, called Niewiadomski's execution a judiciary homicide, as the…
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Movie In 1977 director Jerzy Kawalerowicz made the film Death of a President about the assassination of Gabriel Narutowicz. The role of Narutowicz was played by Zdzisław Mrożewski, and Niewiadomski was played by Marek Walczewski.
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Wapiński, Roman (1980). Narodowa Demokracja 1893–1939. Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy Imienia Ossolińskich. ISBN 83-04-00008-3.