Endre Bíró

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Endre Bíró (April 22, 1919 – June 13, 1988) was a Hungarian biochemist whose research findings in the biochemistry of the muscle and muscle contraction found international recognition. (His full name is Miklós Endre Bíró translated into English as Nicholas Andrew Bíró hence in his publications in English he is referred to as N. A. Bíró.)

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Early life Endre Bíró was born on April 19, 1919, into a liberal-minded Hungarian-Jewish family as the second son of Lipót Bíró and Emma Gráber. Bíró got an M.A. degree for teachers in physics and chemistry at Szeged University, called then the Miklós Horthy University of Szeged. ("Szeged presented its own peculiarities. Since the faculty at Budapest was notoriously pro-fascist, Jewish students in the thirties found it easier to get admitted to provincial colleges, working their way around the hated 'numerus clausus'. Thus, each September, Szeged university had more than the five percent quota of Jews. This, in turn, served as a good pretext for riots by right-wing students, mainly members of the Turul organization. Prof N. A. Bíró remembers those days well. Of Jewish origin and from a liberal family to boot, he was accepted into Szeged with the help of a Gentile family friend. In the fall of each year, rioting broke out in Szeged. Forewarned, Bíró and other Jewish students hid across the river in New Szeged until the fighting was over.") Bíró was awarded the university's prize for his work "The Determination of the Avogadro Number Based on the Examination of Emulsions". He got his Ph.D.…Citește mai mult

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Scientific career Bíró started his scientific career at the Biochemistry Institute of the Pázmány Péter University of Budapest in 1945, an institute that Albert Szent-Györgyi founded in the same year. "It was Albert Szent-Györgyi who founded the first Hungarian school of biochemistry, the activities of which have been world famous since then. Among the researchers of the institute, we can name, among others, Ilona Banga, Endre Bíró, Tamás Erdős. Mihály Gerendás, János Gergely, Ferenc Guba, Kálmán Laki and Brunó Ferenc Straub." Remembering these times, one of Bíró's colleagues writes as follows: "I started my career as a fresh university graduate at the Medical Chemistry Institute in 1950. Mátyas Rákosi, who was officially referred to as the «best disciple of Stalin», had already instituted a reign of terror in the country, and the waves of the terror started to reach the Hungarian Academy of Sciences as well as the universities, including the Medical Chemistry Institute, at this time. Endre Bíró hardly survived the shameful times of 1944, and now he had to face another crisis. Colleagues who had a similar career benefited a great deal from the «new order» and thus became willy-nilly the tools of terror. Endre Bíró stayed aloof…Citește mai mult

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Selected works Endre Bíró: Nitro- és dimethylglyoxim-kobalti komplexek fényelnyelése (The Light Absorption of Nitro and Cobalt Dimethylglyoxime Complexes), Ph.D. dissertation, Szeged, 1942 N. A. Biro and A. Szent-Györgyi Jun.: "Observations on the Oxidation of Succinic Acid" Hungarica Acta Physiologica (1946) pp. 9–15 N. A. Biro, and A. Szent-Györgyi Jun.:"Influence of KCI and ATP on the Succinodehydrogenase and Cytochrom-Oxydase" Hungarica Acta Physiologica (1948) pp. 211–214. N. A. Biro and A. Szent-Györgyi Jun.: "Observations on Washed Muscle." Hungarica Acta Physiologica (1948) pp. 215–217 N. A. Bíró and A. E. Szent-Györgyi: "The Effect of Actin and Physico-Chemical Changes on the Myosin ATP-ase System and on Washed Muscle" Hungarica Acta Physiologica (1949) pp. 120–133 Az izomfehérjék biokémiája a mechanokémiai kapcsolat szempontjából (The Biochemistry of Muscle Proteins in Terms of the Mechanochemical Connection), Ph.D. dissertation, Budapest, 1955 Nagymolekulasúlyú telítetlen zsírsavak nagyvákuumban való viselkedésének vizsgálata (The Examination of High-Molecular-Weight Unsaturated Fatty Acids in High Vacuum), advanced Ph.D. dissertation, Budapest, 1967 Symposium on the Muscle, edited by N. A. Bíró and N. Garamvölgyi, Budapest, Akadémiai Kiadó, 1974 Proceedings of the 9th Meeting of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies (Proteins of Contractile Systems), edited by György Gárdos and N. A. Bíró, Amsterdam, North-Holland-American Elsevier, Budapest, Akadémiai Kiadó,…Citește mai mult

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Selected textbooks Endre Bíró: A gyógyszeripar (The Pharmaceutical Industry), Budapest, Országos Neveléstudományi Intézet, 1949 Endre Bíró: A modern biokémia alapkérdései (The Basic Issues of Modern Biochemistry), Budapest, Gondolat, 1962 Endre Bíró: Biokémia (Biochemistry), Budapest, Tankönyvkiadó, 1972, a textbook for university students, second, revised edition Endre Bíró (ed.): Biokémia (Biochemistry) / authors: Gabriella Kelemen [et al.], Budapest, Tankönyvkiadó, 1983, in two volumes, pp. 882 Endre Bíró (ed.): Biokémiai gyakorlatok (Practical Biochemistry) / authors: Gabriella Kelemen [et al.], Budapest, Tankönyvkiadó, 1983, textbook for Hungarian university students, fifth, unchanged republication

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Selected translations "Szemelvények a "Finnegans Wake"-ből" (Extracts from Finnegans Wake), (Translated and introduced by Endre Bíró), Híd (Bridge), November 1964, pp. 1241–1256 "Szemelvények a "Finnegans Wake"-ből" (Extracts from Finnegans Wake), (Translated and introduced by Endre Bíró), Magyar Műhely (Hungarian Workshop), Paris, September 1973. pp. 9–59 and June 1979, pp. 22–29 James Joyce: Finnegan ébredése: részletek (Excerpts from Finnegans Wake), (Translated and introduced by Endre Bíró), Budapest, Holnap Kiadó, 1992 and 1994

Endre Bíró a publicat o actualizare

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Literature "In memoriam Bíró Endre professzor" (In Memory of Professor Endre Bíró) Biokémia (Quarterly Review of the Hungarian Biochemical Society), March 1989, The authors are colleagues and former colleagues: Miklós Bálint, László Gráf, Mihály Bárány, Ágnes Jancsó, András Mühlrad, Ferenc Fábián and Dezsó Prágay, as well as rabbi István Berger, pp. 21–36 (http://www.mbkegy.hu/apps/mbkegy/pages/index.php Archived 2017-07-09 at the Wayback Machine ) Biography of Endre Bíró on the website of the Department of Biochemistry of Eötvös Loránd University Bíró Endre (1919–1988) The History of the Department of Biochemistry Bhttp://biokemia.elte.hu/tortenet/a_tanszek_tortenete Ágnes Jancsó - László Nyitrayː "Following Albert Szent-Györgyi's Footsteps in Budapest" Inː Muscle Contraction—A Hungarian Perspective, Semmelweis Publisher, Budapest, 2018, pp. 55–64.