Ernst Kirchweger (January 12, 1898 – April 2, 1965 in Vienna) was an Austrian tram conductor and publisher who is known as the first person to die as a result of political conflict in Austria's Second Republic. Kirchweger was born in to a social-democratic working-class family. From 1916 to 1918, Ernst Kirchweger participated in World War I as a sailor in the Austro-Hungarian Navy. Afterwards, he fought on the side of the Red Army. Until 1934, he was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria, but then he joined the Communists, which was outlawed at that time. During the reigns of the
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