Franciszek Ksawery Latinik (17 July 1864 – 29 August 1949) was a Polish military officer, Colonel of Austro-Hungarian Army and Major General of the Polish Army. Graduate of the General Staff Academy in Vienna, from 1914 he was a commander of the 100th Infantry Regiment of Austria-Hungary, with whom he participated in May 1915 in the break-up of the Russian front in the Battle of Gorlice. From 1918 after Poland gained independence, he served in the Polish Army; in January 1919 he was the commander of Polish forces fighting in Cieszyn Silesia against the Czech offensive. During the Battle of War
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Franciszek Ksawery Latinik (17 July 1864 – 29 August 1949) was a Polish military officer, Colonel of Austro-Hungarian Army and Major General of the Polish Army. Graduate of the General Staff Academy in Vienna, from 1914 he was a commander of the 100th Infantry Regiment of Austria-Hungary, with whom he participated in May 1915 in the break-up of the Russian front in the Battle of Gorlice. From 1918 after Poland gained independence, he served in the Polish Army; in January 1919 he was the commander of Polish forces fighting in Cieszyn Silesia against the Czech offensive. During the Battle of Warsaw in 1920 he commanded the First Polish Army and served as the military governor of the city besieged by the Red Army.
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Biography He was born as the son of Antoni Izydor Latinik, high school geography teacher and author of the work Jeografija Galicyi dla szkół ludowych (Geography of Galicia for the People's Schools), and Kornelia née Romer, daughter of Teofil Romer, nobleman and Kraków Uprising participant, and granddaughter of Ignacy Łempicki, the grandson of Jan Wilhelm Hiż. In 1882 he graduated from the Cadets School in Łobzów (currently a part of Kraków) and started service in Austro-Hungarian Army. He studied at the Academy of the General Staff in Vienna (1889–1891), also serving in the line, the staffs of the units, and in the General Staff. In 1896 he was promoted to captain, and in 1909 to Major. In 1909–1913 he commanded his original Cadets School in Łobzów. He was the commanding officer of the reserve officer school, lecturer in tactics at the Officer School of Infantry. In 1911 he was awarded the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, and in 1913 he was transferred to the 1st Infantry Regiment in Opava to the deputy commander of the regiment. After the outbreak of World War I he fought on the Eastern Front. He took part in the offensive towards Lublin, he fought near Annopol,…
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He was an antagonist to Piłsudski, who criticized Latinik's activity in Przemyśl. Latinik retired from active service in March 1925, after being conflicted with some former members of Polish Legions.
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He lived in Kraków at the address Studencka Street 2. He was socially active, being a member of the "Development" Society. After the Second World War, at the age of 81, he founded and organized the Association of Military Returnees and Widows. Although he never engaged politically, he sympathized with the National Democracy; he had a guide of Kraków, in which only the shops belonging to Catholics were marked, as his grandson recalled: „Here and there, manually, grandfather marked a point and added word Jew”. He published several military memoir books, including Żołnierz polski pod Gorlicami 1915 (Polish Soldier at Gorlice, Przemyśl, 1923), Walka o Śląsk Cieszyński w r. 1919 (Fight for Teschen Silesia in year 1919), Bój o Warszawę. Rola wojskowego gubernatora i 1-ej armii w bitwie pod Warszawą w 1920 r. (Fight for Warsaw. The Role of the Military Governor and the 1st Army at the Battle of Warsaw in year 1920, Bydgoszcz, 1931) and a chapter Wspomnienie o generale broni Tadeuszu Rozwadowskim (The memory of General Tadeusz Rozwadowski) in a monograph dedicated to Tadeusz Rozwadowski (published in Kraków, 1929). He died in 1949 and was buried in the family tomb at the Rakowicki Cemetery.
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Family In 1902 he married Helena Stiasny-Strzelbicka. They had three daughters: Anna (1902–1969), Irena (1904–1974) and Antonina (1906–1989), and six grandchildren: Irena and Andrzej Popiel, Janusz and Jerzy Rieger and Jerzy and Jan Vetulani.
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Decorations and awards Austria-Hungary Order of Leopold Order of the Iron Crown, 2nd class (1917) Order of Franz Joseph Military Merit Cross 1908 Jubilee Cross 1898 Jubilee Medal Poland Virtuti Militari Silver Cross (1920) Polonia Restituta Commander's Cross (December 29, 1921) Cross of Valour (Krzyż Walecznych, twice - both in 1921) Memorial Medal for the War of 1918–1921 Medal of the 10th Anniversary of Independence (1928) Others Iron Cross (1st and 2nd class) Legion of Honour Officier's Cross Order of the Crown (Romania) Grand Cross He refused to accept Military Order of Maria Theresa for venturesome attitude during battle of Gorlice, claiming that after Poland reclaimed independence, he may accept only distinctions from the Polish government.
