Georgios E. Mylonas

Georgios E. Mylonas a adăugat o fotografie

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Georgios

George Emmanuel Mylonas (Greek: Γεώργιος Μυλωνάς, romanized: Georgios Mylonas, Greek pronunciation: [/ʝe'oɾʝios milo'nas/], ye-OR-yios mee-loh-NAS; December 21 [O.S. December 9] 1898 – April 15, 1988) was a Greek archaeologist of ancient Greece and of Aegean prehistory. He excavated widely, particularly at Olynthus, Eleusis and Mycenae, where he made the first archaeological study and publication of Grave Circle B, the earliest known monumentalized burials at the site. Mylonas was born in Smyrna, then part of the Ottoman Empire, and received an elite education. He enrolled in 1919 at the University of Athens to study classics, joined the Greek Army, and fought in the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922. He witnessed the destruction of Smyrna in September 1922, and was subsequently taken prisoner; he was recaptured after a brief escape, but was released in 1923 after bribing his captors with money sent by his American contacts. In 1924, Mylonas began working for the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, with which he retained a lifelong association. He became its first bursar the following year, and took part in excavations at Corinth, Nemea, and Olynthus under its auspices. After receiving his Ph.D. from the University of Athens in 1927, he moved to Johns…Citește mai mult

Georgios E. Mylonas a adăugat o fotografie

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Georgios

Early life George Emmanuel Mylonas was born on December 21, [O.S. December 9] 1898, to a Greek-speaking family in Smyrna in Ionia, then part of the Ottoman Empire. According to a 1958 profile, he first took an interest in archaeology at the age of eight, when his father's gardener unearthed an ancient burial on the family property. Mylonas attended Smyrna's Evangelical School, considered the most important Greek school in the city, until 1915, and subsequently graduated with a bachelor's degree from the American-run International College of Smyrna in 1918. He entered the University of Athens in 1919, joining the second year of its course in classics. He was a classmate of John Papadimitriou, later an archaeologist with the Greek Archaeological Service, and was taught by Christos Tsountas, who had excavated at the Bronze Age site of Mycenae and at prehistoric sites throughout Greece. During the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922, Mylonas joined the Greek Army and was deployed to Turkey as part of the Army of Asia Minor. He was present at the destruction of Smyrna by the Turks in September 1922. Alexander MacLachlan, a witness to the city's destruction, recalled seeing Mylonas deliver a Christian service in Greek on the…Citește mai mult

Georgios E. Mylonas a adăugat o fotografie

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Early archaeological career After his release, Mylonas returned to Athens, arriving in April 1923. According to Michael Cosmopoulos, who later studied under Mylonas, he may have suffered from post-traumatic stress in the early years after his release. In the second half of 1924, he was hired as a translator at the American School of Classical Studies at Athens (ASCSA), one of Greece's foreign schools of archaeology. The ASCSA had assisted in the evacuation and resettlement of Greek refugees from Ionia and employed many of them in the construction of its Gennadius Library, conducted under the architect W. Stuart Thompson between September 1923 and 1925. According to Natalia Vogeikoff-Brogan, later the archivist of the ASCSA, Mylonas may have been introduced to the school by Hazel Dorothy Hansen, an American archaeologist who probably studied with Mylonas at Athens. He acted as an interpreter for Thompson and wrote his own doctoral dissertation, The Neolithic Period in Greece, in his free time. From July 1, 1925, he worked part-time as the ASCSA's first bursar; he was also seconded as an assistant to Gilbert Campbell Scoggins, the librarian of the Gennadius. Mylonas worked on the excavations of Corinth under the ASCSA's director Bert Hodge Hill,…Citește mai mult

Georgios E. Mylonas a adăugat o fotografie

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Georgios

Academic career in the United States Mylonas was awarded his second Ph.D. by Johns Hopkins in 1928; his dissertation was published as the first volume in the series presenting the results of the Olynthus excavations. In the same year, he took a temporary teaching job at the University of Chicago, which allowed him to remain in the US until 1930. On his return to Greece, he directed the excavations of the Mycenaean site of Aghios Kosmas in Attica. The project, under the auspices of the Archaeological Service, began in 1930 and continued in 1931. He also made a study of the topography of Attica and taught part-time at the Ioannis Metaxas gymnasium, a high school. From 1930, he excavated at Eleusis alongside the Greek archaeologist Konstantinos Kouroniotis, who tasked him with uncovering the Bronze Age remains towards the southwestern part of the site and with excavating under the building considered to have been the Telesterion, the focal point of the Eleusinian Mysteries. Mylonas was at Olynthus with Robinson for the 1931 excavation season, having been sent by the ASCSA in response to the school's dissatisfaction with Robinson's excavation methods. Mylonas returned to the United States later in 1931: he was…Citește mai mult

Georgios E. Mylonas a adăugat o fotografie

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Return to Greece and later life Mylonas retired from Washington University in 1969 and returned to Greece. Between 1969 and 1971, he served on the council of the Archaeological Society of Athens, a learned society with a prominent role in the excavation and conservation of archaeological heritage; he was its vice president from 1978 to 1979, and its secretary general from 1979 until 1986. Between 1978 and 1986, he served as chairman of the Committee for the Conservation of the Acropolis Monuments, an organization of archaeologists, architects, engineers and other specialists created by the Greek Ministry of Culture to oversee restorations on the Acropolis. Mylonas appeared in Michael Wood's televised series, In Search of the Trojan War, in 1985. In an interview conducted at the citadel of Mycenae, Mylonas spoke of coming to the site by night to converse with the mythical king Agamemnon. He once said that the task of the archaeologist was to "infer from withered flowers the hour of their bloom". A Festschrift in his honor was published in four volumes by the Archaeological Society between 1986 and 1990. He died in Athens on April 15, 1988, two weeks after having a heart attack at his home.…Citește mai mult

Georgios E. Mylonas a lăsat un gând

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Personal life Mylonas met Lena Papazoglou, another Greek refugee from Ionia, shortly after his return to Greece in 1923; the couple married in 1925. Mylonas remained a friend of Robinson, his former doctoral advisor, throughout his life; upon his death in 1958, Robinson left Mylonas a Greek vase from his collection and $20,000 (equivalent to $223,183 in 2025) towards his research. According to the Canadian archaeologist Mary Ross Ellingson, who excavated with Mylonas at Olynthus, he was formal and aloof in his manners, preferring to address fellow excavation staff by their surnames and as "Mr." or "Miss". Mylonas and Lena had a son, Alexander, shortly after their marriage; Alexander died in a car accident in 1959. They also had three daughters, one of whom, Ione Mylonas Shear (born in 1936), became an archaeologist, and frequently assisted her father in his excavations at Mycenae. Another daughter, Eunice (Nike), born in 1934, married the artist and teacher Robert Beverly Hale. Lena Mylonas died in 1993.

Georgios E. Mylonas a lăsat un gând

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Honors, legacy and assessment Mylonas was a prolific writer and lecturer, publishing around 150 articles in academic journals and delivering over 1000 public lectures. At Mycenae, his excavations uncovered tombs and structures outside the citadel and established the function of the Cult Center within it. His investigations of the citadel's fortifications established their date, while his excavations of the approach-routes to the palace revealed the full extent of the structure. Spyros Iakovidis, who succeeded Mylonas as director of the excavation of Mycenae, credits him with connecting the work of Tsountas, which was prolific but largely unpublished, with that of Alan Wace, who excavated various areas of the site throughout the first half of the twentieth century. The archaeologist Diamantis Panagiotopoulos has called Mylonas's 1927 dissertation the first publication to systematically synthesize the Neolithic material from the Greek mainland and the island of Crete. Vogeikoff-Brogan has called Mylonas a pioneer in archaeological fundraising; without the large institutional budgets of colleagues like Blegen, Mylonas cultivated relationships with wealthy members of St. Louis society, encouraged his financial supporters to visit and participate in his excavations, and reported his work energetically in the St. Louis local press. Between 1963 and his retirement in 1969,…Citește mai mult

Georgios E. Mylonas a lăsat un gând

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As author Mylonas, George E. (1928). Ἠ νεολιθική ἐποχή ἐν Ἑλλάδι [The Neolithic Period in Greece] (Ph.D. thesis) (in Greek). University of Athens – via HathiTrust. — (1936). "Review: Homer and Mycenae by Martin P. Nilsson". The Classical Journal. 31 (5): 319–321. JSTOR 3291559. — (1937). "A Mycenaean Figurine at the University of Illinois". American Journal of Archaeology. 41 (2): 237–247. JSTOR 498413. — (1940). "Athens and Minoan Crete". Harvard Studies in Classical Philology. 51: 11–36. JSTOR 45134343. — (1942). The Hymn to Demeter and Her Sanctuary at Eleusis. Washington Universities Studies. St. Louis: Washington University. OCLC 217621407. — (1947) [1946]. The Balkan States: An Introduction to Their History. Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs Press. hdl:2027/mdp.39015014645280. — (1947). "Eleusis and the Eleusinian Mysteries". The Classical Journal. 43 (3): 130–146. JSTOR 3293727. — (December 1954). "Mycenae, City of Agamemnon". Scientific American. 191 (6): 72–79. Bibcode:1954SciAm.191f..72M. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1254-72. JSTOR 24943710. — (June 1955). "Archaeology in Greece: An International Heritage". The Atlantic. Retrieved January 13, 2024. — (1956). "Mycenaean Greek and Minoan–Mycenaean Relations". Archaeology. 9 (4): 273–279. ISSN 0003-8113. JSTOR 41663417. — (1957). Ancient Mycenae: The Capital City of Agamemnon. Princeton: Princeton University Press. OCLC 459757596. — (1959). Aghios Kosmas: An Early Bronze Age Settlement…Citește mai mult

Georgios E. Mylonas a lăsat un gând

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As editor Mylonas, George E.; Raymond, Doris, eds. (1951–1953). Studies Presented to David Moore Robinson on His Seventieth Birthday. St. Louis, MO: Washington University. OCLC 427342596.