Jan Mazurkiewicz

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R.I.P
Jan

Jan Mazurkiewicz, pseudonym: "Zagłoba", "Socha", "Sęp", "Radosław" (27 August 1896 – 4 May 1988) was a Polish military leader and politician, colonel of Home Army and brigadier general of the Polish People's Army. Founder of the Secret Military Organization (later merged with the Home Army), commander of Kedyw and the Radosław Group during Warsaw Uprising. After the war, he was a political prisoner of the Stalinist period (until 1956). From 1964 he was vice-president of Society of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy.

Jan Mazurkiewicz a adăugat o fotografie

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Jan

Early life and World War I Jan Mazurkiewicz was born in a craftsman's family in Lviv. He spent his childhood in Zolochiv, where from 1902 he attended primary school and from 1906 to the gymnasium. He was active in Scouting, a member of the "Sokół" (Falcon) Polish Gymnastic Society. In 1911 he moved with his family to Lviv, where he continued his education. He was a member of the Organisation of Independent Youth Zarzewie, and later belonged to the Riflemen's Association. After a short training, he joined the 1st Brigade of Polish Legions, in which he was a soldier of the 1st battalion company. Then he was assigned to the marching battalion of captain Leon Berbecki and in his ranks took part in December 1914 at the Battle of Łowczówek. He was wounded and captured by the Russians. He escaped from it in June 1915, after which he managed to get back to his unit. In October wounded again, then he underwent treatment in the hospital. As a sergeant, in July 1916 he was transferred to the 1st Brigade of Legions, in which he served until the oath crisis. He was arrested on 4 September 1917 and imprisoned in Przemyśl.…Citește mai mult

Jan Mazurkiewicz a adăugat o fotografie

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R.I.P
Jan

Interwar period From November 1918 he was a soldier of the Polish Army. Later, he was assigned to the Second Department of Polish General Staff. During the Polish–Soviet War, he served as a military courier (he imported, among others, Józef Piłsudski's letters to Symon Petliura) and a counterintelligence officer. In 1922, he was transferred to the military reserve for a short period and assigned to the 8th Legions' Infantry Regiment. From 1924 he served in the 13th Infantry Division. He took part in preparations for the May Coup. From 1930 to 1934, under the cover of an inspector of the Riflemen's Association, he conducted counterintelligence activities against the Soviet Union in Vilnius and Brest. In 1934 he completed the course of the battalion commanders at the Infantry Training Center in Rembertów. From 1938 to 1939 he was a lecturer in tactics at courses for company commanders.

Jan Mazurkiewicz a adăugat o fotografie

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R.I.P
Jan

World War II and Warsaw Uprising During the Invasion of Poland, he was the head of a diversion on the southwestern front section. After the Soviet invasion of Poland, he founded the Secret Military Organization (TOW) in Stanisławów. On 19 September 1939, he crossed the Polish-Hungarian border, transferring the organization's headquarters to Budapest. Then he went to France, where he met with general Władysław Sikorski. In June 1940 he returned to the country and assumed the function of the Commander-in-Chief of TOW, an independent combat and subversive organization operating according to the guidelines of the Union of Armed Struggle. In March 1943, after merging TOW with Kedyw he became the deputy head of the organization, colonel Emil August Fieldorf. On 1 February 1944, he took the post of commander of Kedyw. Shortly before the outbreak of the Warsaw Uprising, Mazurkiewicz was made commander of the Radosław Group. This force was one of the largest, best trained and equipped Polish units in the uprising. After the initiation of the uprising, the unit seized major portions of the Wola suburbs, and subsequently defended it against German attacks carried out by troops under the command of SS Gruppenführer Heinz Reinefarth and Standartenführer Oskar…Citește mai mult

Jan Mazurkiewicz a adăugat o fotografie

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Jan

In post-war Poland After the dissolution of the Home Army on 19 January 1945 and the liberation of Częstochowa by the Red Army, he took the leadership of the Central Area of the NIE. Later he became a delegate to the Central Area of the Armed Forces Delegation for Poland, under which he conducted further underground activities against communist authorities. In the end, he gave up further conspiracy, considering the resistance pointless. On 1 August 1945, he and his wife were arrested by officers of the Ministry of Public Security. He was released after a month, he headed the so-called Central Liquidation Commission of the Home Army. On 8 September he turned to former Home Army soldiers and people remaining in the underground to call for disclosure and amnesty. For some officers, this was disapproved and even accused of treason. As a result of his appeal, about 50,000 former members of the armed underground were revealed. On 12 September captain Stanisław Sojczyński, the leader of the Underground Polish Army, sent an open letter to colonel Mazurkiewicz, in which he criticized him and called him a "traitor". Mazurkiewicz established the Committee for the Care of the Graves of Fallen Soldiers of…Citește mai mult

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Honors and awards Commander's Cross with Star of Order of Polonia Restituta Order of the Cross of Grunwald, 2nd Class Commander's Cross of Order of Polonia Restituta Golden Cross of the Order of Virtuti Militari Knight's Cross of Order of Polonia Restituta Silver Cross of the Order of Virtuti Militari

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Cross of the Home Army Medal "For participation in the defensive war of 1939"

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Major (Major) - before 1939 Podpułkownik (Lieutenant colonel) - 13 April 1943

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Pułkownik (Colonel) - 2 October 1944 Generał brygady (Brigadier general - 9 October 1980

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Personal life Mazurkiewicz's first wife was Jadwiga, with whom he had three children, Stanislaw and Zofia, and an older son who died in infancy. His wife and daughter were imprisoned by the Russians in the east of the country during the war, but his son escaped to England where he fought with the Polish Army based in Scotland before returning to Poland some years later. His second wife was Maria Zienkiewicz, alias "Irma" (1903–1985), captain of the Home Army. He had a brother, Franciszek Mazurkiewicz (1901–1944), an officer in the Polish Army who died during the Warsaw Uprising.