Józef Nusbaum-Hilarowicz (December 11, 1859 – March 17, 1917) was a Polish zoologist who helped establish an evolutionary approach to the study of zoology in Lviv. Nusbaum was born in Warsaw in the Jewish-origin family of industrialist Hilary Nusbaum and Ewa née Tenenbaum. His brother Henryk Nusbaum became a neurologist. He went to the classical high school in Warsaw and in 1878 joined the Russian Imperial University of Warsaw and received a master's degree in 1886 from the University of Odessa under the guidance of Aleksandr Kovalevsky and Ilya Mechnikov. He received PhD in comparative anatom
