Karel Chodounský (Latinized as Carolus Josephus Petrus Chodounsky; 18 May 1843 – 12 May 1931) was a Czech physician, pharmacologist and promoter of mountaineering. He was the founding professor at the institute of pharmacology at Masaryk University. He is known as the author of the first Czech pharmacology textbook called Farmakologie, printed in 1905.