Maria Vladimirovna Pospelova-Shtrom (Russian: Мария Владимировна Поспелова-Штром; 1902–1991) was a 20th century parasitologist best known for her work delineating the biology and public health importance of ticks in western Asia and eastern Europe, contributing to the reduction of the incidence of tick-borne diseases, especially tick-borne relapsing fever.