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Maria Znamierowska-Prüfferowa (1898–1990) was a Polish ethnographer, professor at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, founder and long-term director of the Toruń Ethnographic Museum, posthumously named after her. She was also an activist of the Polish Ethnological Society.
Maria Znamierowska-Prüfferowa a adăugat o fotografie
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Maria Znamierowska-Prüfferowa (1898–1990) was a Polish ethnographer, professor at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, founder and long-term director of the Toruń Ethnographic Museum, posthumously named after her. She was also an activist of the Polish Ethnological Society.
Maria Znamierowska-Prüfferowa a adăugat o fotografie
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Early life Znamierowska was the daughter of Stanisław, a customs officer, and Leokadia née Andrzejewski, a governess. She was born on May 13, 1898, in the village of Kybartai, Lithuania, then part of the Russian Empire. She completed primary school and middle school in Liepāja (in today's Latvia), passing her final exams in 1915.
Maria Znamierowska-Prüfferowa a adăugat o fotografie
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First studies and activism While her family moved abroad for professional reasons (Russia, Romania), she left in October 1915 for Kiev, where she stayed for nearly 3 years. There, the young Maria became acquainted with the Polish community. At the beginning, she attended lectures at the "Higher Women's Courses" at the Faculty of Philology and in 1917 she moved to the Polish University College (Polish: Polskie Kolegium uniwersyteckie w Kijowie). In this institution, she entered the circle of Władysław Korsak (1890–1949), a Polish activist and a future deputy Minister of Interior. Over the course of two years (1916–1918), she worked in relationship with the youth progress-independent movement "Filarecja" and the Polish Socialist Party (PPS).
Maria Znamierowska-Prüfferowa a adăugat o fotografie
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End of WWI In November 1918, when the Bolsheviks occupied Kiev, Maria and her family were forced to leave the city, heading for Warsaw. The following year, she initially worked in a school in Mokas before moving to Pruszków, where Janusz Korczak, Maria Powysocka and Maria Rogowska-Falska had just established an exemplary orphanage, "Nasz Dom" (Our home). At the end of 1920, Maria Znamierowska settled in Vilnius, capital of the Polish-controlled puppet state of Central Lithuania. In 1921, she began humanities studies at the Vilnius University then called "Stephen Báthory" University (Uniwersytet Stefana Batorego-USB). Suffering from tuberculosis, she frequently had to visit Zakopane for treatment. In the Polish mountain resort, she met people like Michał Choromański, Henryk Worcell and Maria Kasprowiczowa. It was also there, in 1925, that Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz realized many portraits of her. After a year at the Faculty of Humanities, she turned to studies at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences where she met her future husband, entomology professor Jan Prüffer. Originating from Kraków, he was then a lecturer at the biology department since 1922. They married on 4 February 1925. It was her second marriage. The first one, concluded in 1920, was short-lived. Work…
Maria Znamierowska-Prüfferowa a adăugat o fotografie
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Toruń Ethnographic Museum From 1946 to 1958, Znamierowska-Prüfferowa led the Ethnographic Department of the City Museum in Toruń; she used her position to champion the concept of a city ethnographic Museum, together with a skansen, working as an independent institution. She received the authorities blessing for its creation in 1953. The museum was officially opened on 1 January 1959, in the building of the former city arsenal. Maria logically became the first director of the Ethnographic Museum in Toruń from 1959 (its creation) to 1972 (her retirement). The city ethnographic museum is today the only institution in Poland with three ethnographic parks, in Toruń, Kaszczorek and Wielka Nieszawka. Since 2008, part of Maria's legacy has been organized in a permanent exhibition of the museum, "Prof. Maria Znamierowska-Prüfferowa”.
Maria Znamierowska-Prüfferowa a lăsat un gând
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Social and academical activities The 22nd General Assembly of the Ethnological Society in Lublin, on 25 January 1947, established the "Polish Ethnological Society" (Polish: Polskie Towarzystwo (PTL)): Maria Znamierowska-Prüfferowa was a member of its main board till 1978 and vice-chaired the institution between 1967 and 1970. In March 1947, she founded a branch of the PTL in Toruń, seating as a branch secretary, as a vice president in 1949 and as a president in 1954. She kept this position till 1981. She combined museum work, trips to national and international conferences and attendance at academical societies (Advisory group of the museums and monuments Protection Board-Polish: Zespół Doradczy przy Zarządzie Muzeów i Ochrony Zabytków, Museums and Cultural Property Protection at the Ministry of Culture and Art-Polish: Sekcja Muzeów i Ochrony Dóbr Kultury przy Ministerstwie Kultury i Sztuki). In 1978, she was awarded the honorary membership of the PTL for her contribution to ethnological activities. In addition, her publications related to ethnographic museology in Poland had a great influence on the development of other institutions (in Kluki, Szczecin, Gdynia or Białystok). In her trip to Switzerland, she undertook activities aiming at preserving the collections of the Polish museum in Rapperswil. The museum…
Maria Znamierowska-Prüfferowa a lăsat un gând
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Awards and decorations Gold Cross of Merit (10 March 1939) "for merits in the field of professional work". Oskar Kolberg's prize (1976). Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (1978). "Medal of the National Education Commission" (Polish: Medal Komisji Edukacji Narodowej) (1984). Badge of the honorary title "Meritorious for National Culture" (1988).
Maria Znamierowska-Prüfferowa a lăsat un gând
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Family and commemorations Jerzy Znamierowski (1895–1992), her brother, was a Polish philosopher, theosophist and anthroposophist. In 1949, he was arrested in Vilnius by the Soviet security authorities and sentenced to ten years in a camp for promoting anthroposophy. Back to Poland, he settled in Toruń. Since 15 December 1999, the Ethnographic Museum in Toruń bears Znamierowska-Prüfferowa's name. This naming was officialized on the occasion of the institution's 40th anniversary. A commemorative plaque of the professor was additionally unveiled on that day. A street on the left bank of Toruń has been named after "Maria and Jan Prüffer" (Polish: Ulica Jana i Marii Prüfferów).
Maria Znamierowska-Prüfferowa a lăsat un gând
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Bibliography Czachowski, Hubert (July 2019). MARIA ZNAMIEROWSKA-PRÜFFER: AN ETHNOLOGIST AND MUSEOLOGIST. Warszawa: Index Copernicus Sp. z o.o. pp. 154–162. (in Polish) Konkel, Antoni (2006). Maria Znamierowska-Prüfferowa. Jastarnia, sercu bliska [Maria Znamierowska-Prüfferowa. Jastarnia, dear to my heart.] (in Polish). Jastarnia: Wydawnictwo "MS". pp. 135–136. ISBN 83-89568-27-6. (in Polish) Tubaja, Roman (2006). Wkład Marii Znamierowskiej-Prüfferowej w rozwój muzealnictwa na wolnym powietrzu w Polsce [Maria Znamierowska-Prüfferowa's contribution to the development of open-air museology in Poland] (in Polish). Wdzydze: Biuletyn Stowarzyszenia Muzeów 9/2006. pp. 135–136. ISBN 83-89568-27-6.
Maria Znamierowska-Prüfferowa a lăsat un gând
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(in Polish) Ethnography museum in Toruń (in Polish) Facebook page of the museum