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Max Adler (; German: [ˈaːdlɐ]; 15 January 1873 – 28 June 1937) was an Austrian jurist, politician and social philosopher; his theories were of central importance to Austromarxism. He was a brother of Oskar Adler.
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Max Adler (; German: [ˈaːdlɐ]; 15 January 1873 – 28 June 1937) was an Austrian jurist, politician and social philosopher; his theories were of central importance to Austromarxism. He was a brother of Oskar Adler.
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Max Adler obtained his doctorate in law in 1896, and became a professional lawyer. He began to teach in the “Schönbrunn Circle” in the early summer of 1919. Max Winter, the deputy mayor of Vienna, was able to make rooms available in the main building of Schönbrunn Castle for the Kinderfreunde Österreich (an Austrian association for children and families). In the Schönbrunner Erzieherschule, where young people were trained to be teachers, Max Adler and his colleagues Wilhelm Jerusalem, Alfred Adler, Marianne Pollak, Josef Luitpold Stern and Otto Felix Kanitz were able to realize practical educational reforms. In 1920 he qualified at Vienna University, where he became Extraordinary Professor of Sociology and Social philosophy. From 1919 to 1921 he was a Social-Democratic member of the regional parliament of Niederösterreich. Adler was active in Adult Education, and from 1904 to 1925, with Rudolf Hilferding, editor of "Marx-Studien".
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Max Adler's first theoretical work of note was a study "Max Stirner. Ein Beitrag zur Feststellung des Verhältnisses von Socialismus und Individualismus" (1894). The title sets the agenda for Adler's later theoretical activities. Although this study of Marx's scorned opponent seriously antagonized Marxist Party theorists, and so remained unpublished, Stirner remained an influence on Adler's thinking throughout his life. Adler's biographer Alfred Pfabigan, upon sight of his unpublished papers, was surprised by his "intellectual relationship with Stirner owing to its high degree of continuity". Because Adler wanted to operate within the framework of the rising Social Democratic movement, he was highly circumspect in his subsequent references to Stirner, and, while continuing to accord him great significance as Marx's "psychological counterpart", initially adopted most aspects of the doctrine of Historical Materialism: the essence of history is class struggle, and its realization entails a union of theory with revolutionary practice. He envisaged "ever greater harmony and perfection" arising from the contradictions inherent in the then state of society, until the proletariat, in the course of its revolution, would finally see "the pursuit of its own class interests" coincide with "the solidarity of society". In a departure from orthodox Marxism, Adler's conception reduces…
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Publications Kausalität und Teleologie im Streite um die Wissenschaft. Vienna 1904 Marx als Denker. Berlin 1908 Der Sozialismus und die Intellektuellen. Vienna 1910 Wegweiser. Studien zur Geistesgeschichte des Sozialismus. Stuttgart: Dietz 1914 Festschrift für Wilhelm Jerusalem zu seinem 60. Geburtstag. With contributions by Max Adler, Rudolf Eisler, Sigmund Feilbogen, Rudolf Goldscheid, Stefan Hock, Helen Keller, Josef Kraus, Anton Lampa, Ernst Mach, Rosa Mayreder, Julius Ofner, Josef Popper, Otto Simon, Christine Touaillon and Anton Wildgans Vienna/Leipzig: Verlag Wilhelm Braumüller 1915 Demokratie und Rätesystem. Vienna 1919 Die Staatsauffassung des Marxismus. Vienna 1922 Das Soziologische in Kants Erkenntniskritik. Vienna 1924 Kant und der Marxismus. Berlin 1925 Politische und soziale Demokratie. Berlin 1926 Lehrbuch der materialistischen Geschichtsauffassung, 2 vols. Berlin 1930/31 Das Rätsel der Gesellschaft. Vienna 1936
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Sources Josef Hanslmeier (1953). "Adler, Max". Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German). Vol. 1. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot. pp. 71–72. Christian Möckel: Sozial-Apriori: der Schlüssel zum Rätsel der Gesellschaft. Leben, Werk und Wirkung Max Adlers. Frankfurt/Main, Berlin, Bern, New York, Paris, Vienna, 1994 O. Blum: Max Adlers Neugestaltung des Marxismus, in: Archiv für die Geschichte des Sozialismus und der Arbeiterbewegung 8 (1919), pp. 177 ff. Herbert Marcuse: Transzendentaler Marxismus?, in: Die Gesellschaft 7, II (1930), pp. 304 ff. Peter Heintel: System und Ideologie, Vienna and Munich 1967 Alfred Pfabigan: Max Adler. Eine politische Biographie. Frankfurt/Main: Campus 1982