Alwine Dollfuss

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R.I.P
Alwine

Alwine Dollfuss (Alternatively Dollfuß; née Glienke; 12 February 1897 – 25 February 1973) was the wife of former Austrian chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss. At the time of his murder, she was in Italy with Benito Mussolini, who allowed her the use of his private plane to hurry back to Austria. She is buried in Hietzinger Cemetery next to her husband, and two of her children; Hannerl and Eva. She was also satirized in Brecht's The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui in 1941 as the character 'Betty Dullfeet'. From 1946 to 1957, Dollfuß lived in Truro, Nova Scotia in Canada together with her two children.

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From farmers' daughter to Chancellor's wife Alwine Glienke was born in 1897 in the former Prussian Province of Pomerania (now the Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland), into modest circumstances as one of fourteen children. At the age of 15, she left her parental home and took up employment as a cashier in Danzig (present-day Gdańsk). Dissatisfied with this position, she soon moved to Berlin, where she first worked for an older sister, and later secured employment at the Preußische Zentralgenossenschaftskasse, a precursor to today’s DZ Bank. It was there, in 1921, that she met Engelbert Dollfuss. Dollfuss, who had served as Secretary of the Austrian Farmers' League (Österreichischer Bauernbund) since 1919, had been sent to Berlin by the League to complete the studies he had been forced to interrupt due to the First World War. In March 1921, he began working at the Zentralgenossenschaftskasse. During the summer of that same year, the couple became engaged and moved to Austria. Their wedding took place on 31 December 1921 in Dollfuss’s hometown of Kirnberg an der Mank, after which the couple relocated to Vienna. Alwine, who came from a Protestant family, converted to her husband’s Roman Catholic faith prior to their marriage. Engelbert…Citește mai mult

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Widow of Engelbert Dolfuss Over the course of 1933 and 1934, Engelbert Dollfuss had either banned all relevant political parties or integrated them into the Fatherland Front, rendered both Parliament and the Constitutional Court incapable of action, and ultimately, through the May Constitution, established the new, authoritarian, and overtly Catholic form of government of the now corporatist state. On 25 July 1934, he was assassinated during the July Putsch by insurrectionist Nazis. At that time, Alwine Dollfuss was staying with her children at Benito Mussolini’s summer residence in Riccione, at his invitation; she returned to Vienna the following day. From then on, the government under the new Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg began to promote a veritable cult surrounding Engelbert Dollfuss, who was described with attributes such as "immortalized", the "martyr chancellor", the "hero chancellor", or similar designations. Engelbert Dollfuss was to serve as a unifying figure for the fragile state, even beyond his death. Beginning in 1936, every event organized by the Fatherland Front concluded with the singing of the Dollfußlied, following the national anthem. The song began with the verses, “Ihr Jungen, schließt die Reihen gut / ein Toter führt uns an!” (“Young men, close your ranks well / a…Citește mai mult

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Walterskirchen, Gudula Engelbert Dollfuß, Arbeitermörder oder Heldenkanzler (Vienna: Molden Verlag, 2004) Allinson, Mark Austrian Studies, Vol.14, No.1, 1 October 2006 Dollfuß, Eva Mein Vater - Hitlers erstes Opfer (Vienna: Amalthea Verlag, 1994)

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Flight and return to Austria With the Anschluss of Austria, the cult surrounding Engelbert Dolfuss came to an abrupt end, and Alwine Dollfuss and her children were among the first to leave the country. On 11 March, the family attempted to flee to Czechoslovakia using forged passports. Together with Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi and his wife, Ida Roland, the family then escaped via Hungary to Italy, from where Benito Mussolini arranged for them to be escorted to Switzerland. There, the family was taken in by their friend Jean-Marie Musy. Mussolini and Musy advocated for an export permit for the family's possessions and for the continued disbursement of Alwine’s widow’s pension abroad. The initial response from Nazi Germany was positive, likely due to diplomatic considerations. However, it is not known whether these efforts were ultimately successful. In addition, Alwine Dollfuss grew increasingly distrustful of Musy, as he sympathized with the Nazis and appeared to regard his support for the Dollfuss family as a means of maintaining contacts with high-ranking representatives of the Nazi Germany. Consequently, the family relocated again as early as the summer of 1938, this time to the United Kingdom, and ultimately, in July 1940, to Montreal, where they spent the…Citește mai mult

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Children Hanna (7 July 1927; † 1928 due to meningitis) Eva (2 September 1928; † 31 January 1993), married name Nicoladoni-Dollfuß. She pursued her studies in Canada and returned permanently to Austria in 1957, where she married Ernst Nicoladoni. The couple had several daughters, among them the historian Claudia Tancsits, who today strives to foster a more positive public perception of her grandfather. Eva Dollfuss remained politically affiliated with the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP), particularly with the ÖVP Kameradschaft der politisch Verfolgten und Bekenner für Österreich (ÖVP Association of the Politically Persecuted and Confessors for Austria). Toward the end of her life, she worked for the Austrian Foreign Trade Office. In her final years, she authored a biography of her father, which was published posthumously under the publisher-chosen title Mein Vater, Hitlers erstes Opfer (My Father, Hitler’s First Victim). Rudolf (2 December 1930). He remained in Canada after completing his studies, where he pursued a medical career under the name Rudy Dollfuss. Most recently, he served as a pulmonologist at the Shaughnessy Hospital in Vancouver. Upon the hospital's abrupt closure in 1994, he entered retirement.