Ćiro Truhelka (2 February 1865 – 18 September 1942) was a Croatian archeologist, historian, and art historian who devoted much of his professional life to the study of the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He wrote about prehistory, Roman and medieval history (most notably its numismatics), Ottoman and Turkish documents from the region, stećci, and Bosnian Cyrillic. He was also engaged in albanology. He was the first curator of the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Ćiro Truhelka (2 February 1865 – 18 September 1942) was a Croatian archeologist, historian, and art historian who devoted much of his professional life to the study of the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He wrote about prehistory, Roman and medieval history (most notably its numismatics), Ottoman and Turkish documents from the region, stećci, and Bosnian Cyrillic. He was also engaged in albanology. He was the first curator of the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Early life and education Ćiro Truhelka was born on 2 February 1865 in Osijek to Antun Vjenceslav and Marija (née Schön) Truhelka. His father was of Czech and mother of German origin. He finished elementary school in Osijek after which he enrolled in high school that he eventually finished in Zagreb where he moved after his father's death along with his mother and siblings, Dragoš and Jagoda Truhelka. In youth, he showed interest in painting and technical sciences, but because of his family's poor financial situation, he opted for the study of philosophy at the University of Zagreb which lasted three years. He chose art history and history as main subjects. He received his doctorate in 1885 with the dissertation "Andrija Medulić: His Life and Work".
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Professional career As a student, Truhelka worked with Izidor Kršnjavi at the Strossmayer Gallery of Old Masters and made institutions' first catalog (1885). In 1886, he became secretary of the Museum Society for Bosnia and Herzegovina and the first curator of the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina. His task was preparing Museum's opening in 1888. He was only 21 years old when he came to Sarajevo, where he lived for 40 years. In the Museum he managed the ethnographic, prehistoric, and medieval collections, but as there were not many experts, he took care of all museum collections except those from the field of natural sciences. As a curator, Truhelka arranged Bosnian pavilions at exhibitions in Budapest (1896), Brussels (1897) and Paris (1900). In 1905, he succeeded Kosta Hörmann as director of the National Museum and editor of the Gazette of the National Museum of Music (until 1920). Thanks to him, in 1913, the National Museum got a new building. He retired in 1922, but in 1926 he come out of retirement as he was appointed a professor of archeology and art history at the University of Skopje, Macedonia until 1931. He served as the president of the Zagreb branch…
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Controversy In order to provide anti-Yugoslavist Croat nationalism with a firm scientific basis, Truhelka used racial anthropology to differentiate between Croats and Serbs. Truhelka claimed that Bosnian Muslims were ethnic Croats, who, according to him, belonged predominantly to the Nordic-Dinaric racial type. On the other hand, the majority of Serbs belonged to the degenerate race of the Vlachs, similar to the Jews and Armenians, although Truhelka 'was cautious to distinguish between the dark-skinned Serbs of Vlach descent and the fair-haired Serbs who, according to him, were pure Slavs'. Truhelka, like many others, enthusiastically welcomed the creation of the Independent State of Croatia in 1941. By his death a year later, he wrote some racialy-motivated remarks towards Serbs in his book "Memoires of a Pioneer". He claimed that Bosnian Muslims were ethnic Croats who belonged to the racially superior Nordic race. Miljenko Jergović wrote that the book, if this racist remark was put aside, was "one of the most powerful, literally superior, documentary precious Croatian books about Bosnia and Sarajevo at a time when this city turned from the fringes of the Turkish čaršija into one of the metropolises of the Habsburg Empire".
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Works Starobosanski pismeni spomenici, 1894 Starobosanski natpisi, 1895 Slavonski banovci, 1897 Osvrt na sredovječne kulturne spomenike Bosne, (1900.) Djevojački grob, (1901.) Državno i sudbeno ustrojstvo Bosne u doba prije Turaka, 1901 Kraljevski grad Jajce, 1904 Naši gradovi, 1904 Arnautske priče, 1905 Hrvarska Bosna: Mi i "oni tamo" (Croatian Bosnia: We and "They over There"), 1907 Crtice iz srednjeg vijeka, 1908 Dubrovačke vijesti o godini 1463., 1910 Tursko-slavjenski spomenici dubrovačke arhive, 1911 Gazi Husrefbeg, 1912 Kulturne prilike Bosne i Hercegovine u doba prehistoričko, 1914 Historička podloga agrarnog pitanja u Bosni, 1915 Das Testament des Gost Radin, 1916 Stari turski agrarni zakonik za Bosnu, 1917 Konavoski rat 1430.-1433., 1917 Nekoliko misli o rješenju bosanskog agrarnog pitanja, 1918 Sojenica kao ishodište pontifikata, 1930 Starokršćanska arheologija, 1931 O porijeklu bosanskih muslimana, 1934 Studije o podrijetlu. Etnološka razmatranja iz Bosne i Hercegovine, 1941 Uspomene jednog pionira, Croatian Publishing and Bibliographic Institute, 1942
