Karel Engliš

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Life Born in Hrabyně into a butcher family, Engliš studied in poverty. He graduated from the Czech grammar school in Opava and then continued his studies at the Faculty of Law of Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague, where he graduated in 1904. One of his teachers was economist Albín Bráf, who recognized his talent and recommended him for work at the Provincial Statistical Office. From there, he transferred to the Ministry of Trade in Vienna in 1908. In 1910 he habilitated to associate professor of economics at the Czech Technology in Brno. In 1911, he became an extraordinary professor, and a full professor in 1917. From 1913 to 1914, he was Dean of the Department of Cultural Engineering, and Dean of the Department of Chemical Engineering from 1917 to 1918. In 1913–1918 he was a member of the Moravian Diet for the progressive party of Adolf Stránský. From 1918–1925 he was a member of the National Democratic Party (CND) and in 1920–1925 he was a member of the National Assembly, as well as chairman of the Moravian-Silesian Executive Committee of the CND. In 1915 he wrote contributions to Masaryk's Our Time. On 2 September 1925, he resigned from the CND, then…Citește mai mult

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Theoretical work In addition to public activity, his theoretical work was also significant. He gradually became one of the most influential theorists of interwar Czechoslovakia. Unlike other economic theorists, he had the opportunity to verify his scientific conclusions in practice and possibly revise them. As a teacher, he influenced two generations of Czech economists and founded the so-called Brno School of Economics. He began his scientific work before the First World War in the field of social policy. His work at university led him to the need for theoretical mastery of all economics and the development of the concept of economic knowledge. The concept is based on marginal utility theory, counter to the then-prevailing causal interpretation of economic issues. He was inspired by the method of economic cognition, so-called teleological theory, from the Vienna school of economics, of which he was a follower (similar to Rašín under the influence of Bráf). According to Engliš, economics is the science of order, where individuals and entire nations try to maintain and improve their lives. Organization in the economy is based on purposeful thinking. The peak of his theoretical work is the two-volume System of the national economy. In this extensive work (approximately…Citește mai mult

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R.I.P
Karel

Karel Engliš (17 August 1880 – 13 June 1961) was a Czech economist, political scientist, and founder of teleological economic theory. Engliš was the first rector of Masaryk University in Brno from 1919 to 1920, and from 1947 to 1948 was rector of Charles University in Prague. Together with Alois Rašín, he was significantly involved in the Czechoslovak currency reform after World War I as Minister of Finance. From 1934 to 1938, he was Governor of the National Bank of Czechoslovakia.

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Personal life On 5 June 1906, Engliš married Maria Grögrová (1880–1953), the daughter of a tax inspector from Uherský Brod, in Prague. On 21 April 1907, their daughter Vlasta (1907–2001) was born and later married Brno architect František Plhoně. Engliš and Grögrová later had a daughter Věra (1908–1990) and a son Karel (1912–1991). At the time of his wedding and the birth of his children, he was a draftsman of the Provincial Statistical Office. The couple was legally divorced in 1919 and separated in 1921. Engliš married a second time, to Valeria Sovová (1884–1964) in a civil marriage on 12 June 1921 in Brno.

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Legacy In 1990, the Karel Engliš Society was founded in Prague, and in 1994 the Karel Engliš Prize was established by Masaryk University in Brno, awarded annually to a prominent economist. Every year, the Rector of Charles University awards the Prof. JUDr. Karel Engliš Prize as one of the types of Rector's Prizes for the best social science graduates. The former Karel Engliš University in Brno bore his name, and streets in Smíchov, Prague and Opava are named after him. In 2022, the Czech National Bank issued a commemorative banknote featuring a portrait of Engliš, with a nominal value of CZK 100.

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Základy hospodářského myšlení ('Basics of economic thinking'). Brno: Barvič & Novotný, 1922. Vybrané kapitoly z národního hospodářství ('Selected chapters from the national economy'). Prague: State Publishing House, 1925. Finanční věda: nástin theorie hospodářství veřejných svazků ('Financial science: an outline of the theory of public unions'). Prague: Fr. Borový, 1929. Teleologie jako forma vědeckého poznání ('Teleology as a form of scientific knowledge'). Prague: F. Topič, 1930. Ekonomie a filosofie ('Economics and philosophy'). Prague: Fr. Borový, 1931. O nouzi v nadbytku ('In need of excess'). Prague: Fr. Borový, 1935. Soustava národního hospodářství: Věda o pořádku, v kterém jednotlivci a národové pečují o udržení a zlepšení života ('System of the national economy: The science of the order in which individuals and nations care for the maintenance and improvement of life'). 2 Volumes. Prague: Melantrich, 1938. Národní hospodářství pro účely nejvyšších stupňů středních škol ('National economy for the purposes of the highest levels of secondary schools'). Prague: Orbis, 1940. Hospodářské soustavy ('Economic systems'). Prague: Všehrd, 1946. Malá logika: věda o myšlenkovém řádu ('Little logic: the science of the order of thought'). Prague: Melantrich, 1947. Věčné ideály lidstva ('Eternal ideals of humanity'). Prague: Vyšehrad, 1992. (From Engliš's estate, completed on January 28, 1956.) Hrabyň mého…Citește mai mult

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Further reading Biografický slovník Slezska a severní Moravy ('Biographical dictionary of Silesia and northern Moravia'). 1st workbook. Ostrava: University of Ostrava; Opava: Optys, 1993. ISBN 80-85819-05-8. pp. 31–33. Doležalová, Antonie. Rašín, Engliš a ti druzí: konfrontace hospodářské politiky a praxe 1. československé republiky ve fiskální a měnové oblasti. Léta 1918-1928 ('Rašín, Engliš and the Others: Confrontation of Economic Policy and Practice of the First Czechoslovak Republic in the Fiscal and Monetary Areas. Years 1918 1928'). Prague: Josef Hlávka Institute of National Economy, 2002. ISBN 80-238-9103-0. Jančík, Drahomír. "Skládaje štěstí své budoucnosti do rukou Vaší Excelence ..." ("Placing the happiness of his future in the hands of Your Excellency ..."). About the relationship of Engliš to teacher Albín Bráf. In: Ambrožová, Hana, et al. Historik na Moravě: profesoru Jiřímu Malířovi, předsedovi Matice moravské a vedoucímu Historického ústavu FF MU, věnují jeho kolegové, přátelé a žáci k šedesátinám ('Historian in Moravia: Dedication to Professor Jiří Malíř, chairman of Matica Moravská and head of the Institute of History, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, by his colleagues, friends and pupils for his 60th birthday'). Brno: Matice Moravská, 2009. ISBN 978-80-86488-57-8. pp. 159–168. Kolařík, Jaroslav. Peníze a politika: Karel Engliš, bojovník o stabilisaci ('Money and…Citește mai mult