Ljuba Prenner

Ljuba Prenner a publicat o actualizare

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Legal career, activism, and imprisonment (1939–1954) Now increasingly living as a male, during his doctorate studies Prenner joined the Osvobodilna fronta (Liberation Front, OF), an anti-fascist civil resistance movement. His apartment was used for meetings and as a dropbox for partisan communiques. He housed comrades who needed shelter for a night and provided legal advice or defense to detainees and prisoners. As he refused to join the communist party on account of their methods rather than their ideology, party leaders began to watch him as a potential opponent. Prenner opened a private law practice in 1943, and gained a reputation for his work during the war with political prisoners. In one scheme, he filed false paperwork with the authorities claiming that the judgments of the Italian courts were invalid after Italy capitulated to the Allies. He secured the freedom of many Slovenes before the Germans realized their error and arrested him in 1944. He escaped imprisonment, but had to pay a large fine. When the war ended, Prenner was one of only 13 lawyers allowed to continue practicing by the communist government. In 1946, he was assigned to represent the partisan Tončko Vidic, who had been sentenced to death for…Citește mai mult

Ljuba Prenner a adăugat o fotografie

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R.I.P
Ljuba

Ljuba Prenner (19 June 1906 – 15 September 1977) was a Slovene lawyer and writer, active in the interwar period. Prenner was assigned female at birth, but from a young age identified as male and began to transition to a male appearance as a teenager. Prenner's family were not well-off and moved often in his childhood, before settling in Slovenj Gradec. Because of a lack of funds, Prenner often worked and had to change schools. Despite these difficulties, he graduated from high school in 1930 and immediately entered law school at the University of King Alexander I. He began publishing about this time and earned a living by tutoring other students and selling his writing. He published several short stories and novels including the first Slovenian detective story. Completing a doctorate in 1941, Prenner opened a law practice and earned a reputation for defending political prisoners and those accused of crimes against the state. Now living as a male, his combative manner in the courtroom and strong sense of judicial independence led to his being imprisoned several times by the communist regime. After being expelled from the Slovene Writers' Association, he was unable to publish until shortly before his death.…Citește mai mult

Ljuba Prenner a adăugat o fotografie

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R.I.P
Ljuba

Early life and education (1906–1930) Ljuba Prenner was born Amalia Marija Ursula Prenner on 19 June 1906, in Fara, near Prevalje, in the Slovene province of Carinthia, Austria-Hungary, to Marija Čerče and Josef Prenner. His father was a German carpenter and gunsmith from Kočevje. His mother was a Slovene, the daughter of a winemaker and cobbler. Though his father was not fluent in Slovene and his mother spoke no German, Prenner spoke both those languages from a young age. He discarded his baptismal name and adopted the name Ljuba, a name with varied forms used for both males and females in various Slavic languages, as soon as he recognized his ability to think independently. He had a younger sister, Josipina, and an older half-brother, Ivan Čerče, an illegitimate child conceived before his mother married. Prenner's family was not well-off and moved often because of the father's work. He has completed first grade in Ruše, where the family moved in 1910, and the next three grades in Slovenj Gradec. Education was barred to most women at the time, as traditional Christian values required that they be subordinate and confined to the domestic sphere. High schools did not admit girls and a…Citește mai mult

Ljuba Prenner a adăugat o fotografie

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R.I.P
Ljuba

University studies and early literary career (1929–1939) Prenner immediately enrolled in law school at the University of King Alexander I. Though he tutored many of his colleagues, he failed almost every examination at the first attempt, whereas those he taught passed. It took him six years to earn his law degree because of the discriminatory practices he encountered and his need to work. In addition to tutoring, he published short stories to earn money. Between 1936 and 1937, he completed his legal internship with Josip Lavrič in Slovenj Gradec and then moved to Ljubljana to facilitate studying for a doctorate.

Ljuba Prenner a adăugat o fotografie

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R.I.P
Ljuba

Despite studying to become a lawyer, Prenner hoped to become a writer. His short stories like Trojica (1929) and Življenje za hrbtom (1936), and novels such as Pohorska vigred v časopisu Jutro (1930–31) and Mejniki ali kronika malega sveta v reviji Ženski svet (1936–38), eschewed the prevailing Socialist realism model then popular for literary works. Rather than an ideologically driven text, Prenner's works were characterized by the human ability to adapt to life with faith, humor, and irony. He wrote many situational comedies using satire and wit. Almost all these works are set in a small town, feature a lawyer, and contain autobiographical elements with a typically male protagonist. These literary efforts judged as light entertainments rather than serious literary efforts. As a result, most of his works were never published. In 1939, he published the first crime novel in Slovenia, Neznani storilec (The Unknown Perpetrator). That year, he was admitted to membership in the Slovene Writers' Association. Prenner worked in two different law firms and completed his graduate studies in 1941. That year, Yugoslavia was invaded by the Axis powers of Bulgaria, Germany, Hungary, and Italy, who partitioned the country. Slovenia was split in half, with Italy taking the…Citește mai mult

Ljuba Prenner a publicat o actualizare

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Having been barred from working as a lawyer for seven years, after a long letter-writing campaign to various officials and organizations, Prenner regained his license in 1954. That year, he hoped to revive his literary career. His libretto Slovo od mladosti was staged by composer Danilo Švara at the Ljubljana Opera House. It received unenthusiastic reviews, closing the door on his literary ambitions. Prenner reopened a practice and hired his nephews, Vojmil and Smiljan Šerbec as interns. Once again he became a coveted advocate in the criminal court. Though highly skilled, Prenner's combative nature in court resulted in him being brought before the Bar Association's disciplinary commission several more times in the 1960s. He also became popular with personalities who were considered controversial by the communist authorities, such as Lili Novy and Anton Vovk. Božidar Jakac painted several portraits of Prenner. Though he did not support the Yugoslav communist regime, Prenner acknowledged that after the communists took power, he was able to dress as he pleased. Typically, he was attired in a man's suit, worn with a white shirt and tie, and he carried a briefcase. In public, he always used feminine language to refer to himself, but in private,…Citește mai mult

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Death and legacy Prenner died on 15 September 1977 at the hospital on Zaloška Road in Ljubljana from breast cancer. He was buried alongside his parents at the cemetery in Stari Trg. Prenner was recognized for many years as a woman who chose to assert her agency at a time when most women were not allowed to, but was rarely recognized in Slovenia as a butch lesbian or transgender man. A biography titled Odvetnica in pisateljica Ljuba Prenner (Lawyer and Writer Ljuba Prenner) published in 2000 "completely ignored [Prenner's] sexuality". Camouflaging the sexual orientation of biographical subjects was common through the 20th century in Slovenia, but in the 21st century more openness in society has allowed a more balanced presentation of Prenner's life, including Prenner's exploration of sex reassignment surgery and some studies call Prenner transgender. Prenner is remembered for an independent spirit, legal expertise, and written works. In 2000, Prenner's biography was published by Nova Revija, drawing on interviews with acquaintances and he was included in the 2007 publication Pozabljena polovica: portreti žensk 19. in 20. stoletja na Slovenskem (The Forgotten Half: Portraits of Women of the 19th and 20th Centuries in Slovenia). Other literary and scientific works have…Citește mai mult

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Selected works Prenner, Ljuba (1929). "Skok, Cmok in Jokica". Jutra (in Slovenian) (4). Ljubljana. OCLC 440348511. Fairy tale, written under the pseudonym Tetka Metka.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) Prenner, Ljuba (1929). Trojica (in Slovenian). Ljubljana: Belo-modra knjižnica. OCLC 441720322. Prenner, Ljuba (1931). "Pohorska vigred". Jutra (in Slovenian). Ljubljana. Serialized novel published between 1930 and 1931 in various issues.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) Prenner, Ljuba. "Mejniki ali Kronika malega mesta". Revija Ženski svet (in Slovenian). Trieste, Italy: Žensko dobrodelno udruženje. Serialized novel printed in various issues between 1936 and 1938.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) Prenner, Ljuba (1936). Življenje za hrbtom (in Slovenian). Ljubljana: Evalit. OCLC 441710999. Prenner, Ljuba (1939). Neznani storilec (in Slovenian). Ljubljana: Vodnikova družba. OCLC 442569764. Prenner, Ljuba (1943). Veliki mož (in Slovenian). Ljubljana: Slovensko narodno gledališče. OCLC 883930495. Prenner, Ljuba (1945). Vasovalci (in Slovenian). Ljubljana: Samozaložba. OCLC 438941186. Prenner, Ljuba (1967). Gordijski vozel (in Slovenian). Ljubljana: Samozaložba. OCLC 441108789. Prenner, Ljuba (1988). Slovo od mladosti (Prešeren) (in Slovenian) (2nd ed.). Ljubljana: Slovensko narodno gledališče. OCLC 456163334. Libretto for the opera ballet written in 1947, first staged by Danilo Švara in 1954 at the Ljubljana Opera House and restaged in 1988. The initial title was Prešeren,…Citește mai mult