Moša Pijade

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Ban of the CPY In 1921, he became a member of the party's executive committee, after the previous committee was arrested due to a ban on communist activity. Soon, the CPY was banned altogether and went underground. In this period, he re-established Slobodna reč, now as a weekly. In 1923, in a bid to legalize their work, the communists established a cover party named Independent Workers' Party of Yugoslavia (IWPY), where Pijade became active. He was the editor of that party's newspaper Radnik ("The Worker"), and after Radnik was banned, he edited Okovani radnik ("Chained worker"). The IWPY won no seats at the 1923 and 1925 parliamentary elections. Eventually, the IWPY was banned, too. During the internal struggle between the "rightist" and "leftist" factions inside the CPY during the 1920s, Pijade opposed the rightists, who led the party at that time. He fervently argued for Leninism and Bolshevism. After the ban of the IWPY, the CPY tasked Pijade with establishing a secret communist print shop in Belgrade. The print shop secretly published communist leaflets and a magazine called Komunist. In February 1925, the print shop was discovered by the police and Pijade was sentenced to 12 years in prison due…Citește mai mult

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Sephardic Jews and Communism Williams, Heather (2003). Parachutes, Patriots and Partisans: The Special Operations Executive and Yugoslavia, 1941-1945. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. ISBN 978-1-85065-592-3.

Moša Pijade a adăugat o fotografie

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Moša Pijade (Cyrillic: Мoшa Пијаде, alternate English transliteration Moshe Piade; 3 January 1890 [O.S. 22 December 1889] – 15 March 1957), was a Serbian and Yugoslav painter, journalist, Communist Party politician, World War II participant, and a close collaborator of Josip Broz Tito. He was the full member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. During the Interwar period in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Pijade was an accomplished painter, but spent almost 15 years in prison because of his communist activity. He took active role in the People's Liberation War and was one of main political leaders of the Partisans. After the WWII and creation of socialist Yugoslavia, he became a prominent politician and was the president of the Federal Parliament from 1954 until his death.

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Pijade was born in Belgrade, Kingdom of Serbia, on 3 January 1890 [O.S. 22 December 1889] into a family of Sephardic Jewish origin. His father Samuilo Pijade was a rich merchant. In 1905, Pijade started studying painting at the State School of Arts and Crafts in Belgrade, under the tutorship of painter Rista Vukanović. Soon, he left the school and moved to a private painting school run by Paško Vučetić. He helped Vučetić with the decoration of the walls of the National Bank of Serbia building. After that, he briefly returned to the School of Arts and Crafts, studying under Marko Murat. In 1906, Pijade moved to Munich, Germany to study painting. Soon after, his father went bankrupt, so Pijade could not afford to continue studies. He then moved to Paris, France in 1909 where he spent a year, and then moved to Brittany where he painted landscapes. After returning to Belgrade in 1910, Pijade also became a journalist and political caricaturist. In 1913, he moved to Ohrid in then-southern Serbia, where he worked as an art teacher, but also taught French and German. When the World War I broke out in 1914, he volunteered to serve in the Serbian…Citește mai mult

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During the April War, Pijade relocated from Belgrade to Montenegro, where he was one of the leaders of the communist-led uprising against the Axis occupation (July 1941), which was part of the wider communist-led anti-Axis struggle. The uprising saw initial success, and most of the territory of Montenegro was temporarily liberated. Under the influence of Pijade and Milovan Đilas, Montenegrin Partisans pursued an extreme form of prosecution of perceived class enemies and those who were not willing to submit to the communist authorities. This policy was later condemned by the CPY and deemed "Leftist errors". During this period, many "enemies of the people" were killed by the Partisans. In late 1941, Pijade was transferred to the main Partisan headquarters. There, he was not in charge of military actions, but was organizing supplies and administration of the liberated territories. In the meantime, almost all his family perished in the Holocaust. His sisters Šelika and Micika and brothers Josif and David were all killed in the Sajmište concentration camp in Belgrade, while his brother Velizar was shot in Niš. Pijade's wife Lepa was with him and the Partisans during the whole war. Pijade was the main author of two documents that were…Citește mai mult

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Later career For his services during the war, Pijade was subsequently awarded the Order of the People's Hero of Yugoslavia, Order of People's Liberation, and the Commemorative Medal of the Partisans of 1941. He continued to maintain an important role in the government of the newly proclaimed Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. He was one of the Vice Presidents of the Temporary National Assembly (1945), vice president of the Presidium of the National Assembly (deputy head of state) between 1945 and 1953, vice-president of the Federal Executive Council (government) between 1953 and 1954, and then president of the Federal People's Assembly (1954–57). In August 1945, Pijade delivered a report at the 3rd (last) session of AVNOJ. At the session, AVNOJ was transformed into the Temporary National Assembly and Moše Pijade stayed its vice-president. He was the chair of the Legislative committee of the Assembly. In September, he was named the chair of the council that was tasked with implementing agrarian reform. At the 1945 parliamentary election, he was elected member of the Constituent Assembly as a representative of the City of Belgrade constituency. He was member of the committee that was tasked with the preparation of the text of the…Citește mai mult

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Death and legacy On 15 March 1957, Pijade arrived to Paris from London, where he had talks as leader of a Yugoslav parliamentary delegation. The plane arrived to Le Bourget Airport around 1:30 PM. Pijade stayed with his wife at the residence of Yugoslav ambassador Aleš Bebler. In the afternoon, Pijade and his wife took a walk at the Parc Monceau. During the walk, he felt ill, so they returned to the residence. There, he tried to relax, but his condition worsened, so a doctor was called, but he could not help. Pijade died at 6:15 PM. The cause of death was reported as coronary thrombosis. His body was transferred to Belgrade on 16 March and lay in state in the House of the Federal Assembly. On March 18, he was buried at the Tomb of People's Heroes inside the Belgrade Fortress. According to the official count, the state funeral was attended by 300,000 people. Tito, Lidija Šentjurc (vice-president of the Federal People's Assembly), Miloš Minić and Siniša Stanković gave eulogies. Following Pijade's death, Federal Executive Council declared five days of national mourning (March 15–19). Streets and schools in many cities of the former Yugoslavia were once named after him.…Citește mai mult