Stanisław Stempowski a publicat o actualizare
acum 7 ore
Early life Stempowski was born on 27 January 1870 Huta Czernielewiecka, Podolia (then Russian Empire). According to his biography, he grew up in a multilingual environment where he his first language was Ukrainian, and considered himself as much as a Pole as a Ukrainian. He was educated in Krzemieniec (1879 – 1888) and studied in Dorpat (1888–1892). During this time, he was involved in socialist underground activities, for which he was briefly imprisoned. After graduation, he initially moved to Warsaw, where he published the left-wing intellectual journal "Ogniwo", but it was shut down by Russian censorship and he was replaced under police supervision and so he returned to Huta Czernielewiecka. There, he worked as a landowner, but was still involved in politics privately. He was critical of the Podoloian Polish nobility, who he saw as arrogant and politically blind, and he started formulating ideas about a Polish-Ukrainian cooperation. During the October Revolution, his family estate in Huta Czernielewiecka was destroyed, but he survived with the help of the local Ukrainian peasants. He then became an envoy of Józef Piłsudski after World War I. Stanisław Stempowski then served as a minister in several cabinets of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UNR) in…