Stefan Cybichowski

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Early years Stefan Cybichowski was born on 2 August 1881 in Poznań (then Posen) to Maria Marta Bischoff and Bronisław Bernard Cybichowski (1844–1903), a philosopher and a philologist. Following the Kulturkampf strict policies, the family had to transfer to Inowrocław in April 1882 and later to Münster, Westphalia on 1 November 1887. They only returned to Inowrocław in 1892. In 1901, Cybichowski graduated from the German Royal Gymnasium in Inowrocław, today's Secondary School - Jan Kasprowicz (I Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Jana Kasprowicza w Inowrocławiu). As most of the architects from Greater Poland at that time, he studied architecture at a German university. In his case, he went to the Berlin Royal Technische Hochschule of Charlottenburg, graduating in 1905.

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Building of the Royal School of Art; Expansion and reconstruction of the Royal Mint house. In parallel, between 1907 and 1909, he became a lecturer at the Industrial Academy in Berlin, where he gave a lecture entitled "Building Design". In 1910, he received the qualifications of Notary builder. Under his supervision, Cybichowski designed in the German capital many edifices, from churches, theatres, gymnasiums to primary schools and infirmaries. During this period, he won awards in competitions for the chapel at Morskie Oko and the town hall of Spandau. In 1909–1910, he co-designed the project for the construction of the Fasanenstrasse Synagogue in Charlottenburg.

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Poznań (1910–1939) At the end of 1910, Cybichowski moved to Poznań: there, he opened his own architectural office. In 1912, he became a member of the newly created (1911) Technical Department of the Poznań Society for the Advancement of Arts and Sciences (Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk). In 1911, he gave a lecture On the use of gypsum in construction and, on 20 January 1914, a lecture about quadrangles. From 1920 to 1926, he lectured on rural architecture at the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. At the end of 1918, Cybichowski became the first president of the Architects' Circle of the Poznań Association of Technicians, the local branch of the national Association of Polish Architects. He stayed its president until 6 July 1925, replaced in the position by urbanist Marian Antoni Pospieszalski. He joined the circle at national level (Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Architektów) three years later. In 1924, Cybichowski won the competition organized in the perspective of the 1929 Polish General Exhibition in Poznań (PeWuKa: Powszechna Wystawa Krajowa w Poznaniu). As such, he designed the entire building ensemble of the 65-hectare (160-acre) plot.

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Family On 25 June 1912, Cybichowski married Barbara Aniela Mieczkowska h. Bończa. They had five children:

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Bibliography Białkiewicz, Joanna Jadwiga (December 2015). Stefan Cybichowski, jego twórczość ne tle epoki [Stefan Cybichowski, his works against the background of the era] (PDF) (in Polish). Kraków: Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kóściuszki. Wydział Architektury. Instytut Historii architektury i konserwacji zabytków. p. 3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) Rutowska, Maria (1984). Straty osobowe i materialne kultury w Wielkopolsce w latach II wojny światowej [Human and material losses of culture in Greater Poland during World War II] (in Polish). Warszawa – Poznań: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. ISBN 83-01-04801-8. Zeszyty Architektury Polskiej. dwumiesięcznik. Nr4-5 [Polish Architecture Notebooks. Bimonthly. nr 4-5] (in Polish). Warszawa: Zarząd Główny Stowarzyszenia Architektów Polskich. 1986. Czarnecki, Władysław (1987). To był też mój Poznań. Wspomnienia architekta miejskiego z lat 1925-1939 [This was also my Poznań. Memories of a city architect from 1925-1939] (in Polish). Poznań: Poznańskie. ISBN 83-210-0665-5. Rutowska, Maria; Serwański, Edward (1987). Losy polskich środowisk artystycznych w latach 1939–1945. Architektura, sztuki plastyczne, muzyka i teatr. Problemy metodologiczne strat osobowych [The fate of Polish artistic circles in the years 1939–1945. Architecture, visual arts, music and theatre. Methodological problems of personal losses] (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. ISBN 83-85003-09-6. Kondziela, Henryk (2000). Polski słownik biograficzny konserwatorów zabytków, z. 1 [Polish…Citește mai mult

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Stefan Cybichowski (1881 –1940) was a Polish architect and a social activist. He was one of the most versatile artists in the architecture of Greater Poland in the interwar period, both in terms of style and functional diversity of his buildings.

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Death On 28 October 1939, the Poznań Gestapo arrested Cybichowski, together with a group of professors, as part of the Intelligenzaktion. They were imprisoned in the Fort VII camp. Cybichowski was shot there on 6 January 1940. His family was not informed about his execution until after the end of the conflict. A symbolic grave is located at the Parish Cemetery of Saint John Vianney in Poznań. For many years, Cybichowski's private archive was believed to be lost. In 1998, though, thanks to an employee of the Office of the Municipal Conservator of Monuments in Poznań, the architect's daughter, Helena Cybichowska, donated building designs and documentation about her father's projects in Poznań, Wielkopolska and Kujavia-Pomerania to the collections of the Municipal Conservator of Monuments.

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Realizations Cybichowski's favorite style often referred to neo-classicist forms, as it was the trend in the first decade of the Second Polish Republic. He sometimes used Neo-Baroque style. Cybichowski can undoubtedly be called the most versatile architect in Greater Poland between 1909 and the start of World War II. He played an important role in the process of rehabilitating village churches to social demographic conditions, by and large redefining the image of provincial sacral architecture. Stylistically, he was an architect bridging two periods, historicizing forms and modernism, which was first introduced by him into the sacral architectural of large city churches in the region (Poznań, Bydgoszcz, Inowrocław). The identified legacy of Cybichowski includes completed works and designs, in particular approximately 100 religious edifices. For this endeavour, he was given the title of papal chamberlain. His work is characterized by stylistic diversity, from Neo-Baroque to Neo-Renaissance, from Neoclassicism to Eclecticism and Modern Architecture.

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Activism Between 1919 and 1922, Cybichowski was at the head of the construction department at the Voivodeship Office. There, he carried out the polonization of the administration. As such, he was one of the organizers of the first Poznań Trade Fair (Targ Poznański) from 28 May to 5 June 1921. He was a member of the Poznań City Council (1919–1925), but resigned from the seat in 1922. Later (1927–1931), Cybichowski was an honorary councilor of the "Magistrat of the city of Poznań". Furthermore, he belonged to the Association of Artists in Poznań from 1911. He was also a member of the Society of Friends of the City of Poznań (Towarzystwo Miłośników Miasta Poznań im. Cyryl Ratajski).