Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky

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Mikhail

Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky (Russian: Михаил Иванович Туган-Барановский; Ukrainian: Михайло Іванович Туган-Барановський; 20 January 1865 – 21 January 1919) was a Russian and Ukrainian Marxist, economist and politician. He was a leading exponent of Legal Marxism in the Russian Empire and was the author of numerous works dealing with the theory of value, the distribution of a social revenue, history of managerial development, and fundamentals of cooperative managerial activities. After the Russian Revolution, he was a founder of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and one of the earliest Ukrainian ministers of finances in Volodymyr Vynnychenko's General Secretariat of the Central Council of Ukraine.

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Early life Mikhail Ivanovich Tugan-Baranovsky was born on 8 January 1865 in the village of Solone in the Kupyansky Uyezd of the Kharkov Governorate of the Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine). His father's distant ancestors were Lipka Tatars who had come to Lithuania in the 14th century; the full family name was Tugan Mirza Baranovsky. Tugan-Baranovsky attended high school in the cities of Kiev and Kharkov, developing an early affinity for philosophy, including the works of Immanuel Kant. In 1884 he entered Kharkov University, beginning his studies in the natural sciences. He was awarded the degree of Candidate of Sciences in 1888, but he became interested in political economy and wound up completing his studies as an external student with a degree from the school's Faculty of Law and Economics in 1890. While in college Tugan-Baranovsky became active in the revolutionary movement which sought to overthrow Tsarism in Russia, briefly making the acquaintance of Vladimir Lenin's older brother, Aleksandr Ulyanov, who was executed in 1887 for his part in the attempted assassination of Tsar Alexander III. In November 1886 Tugan-Baranovsky was arrested for participating in a student demonstration in St. Petersburg marking the 25th anniversary of the death of critical writer…Citește mai mult

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Academic career Shortly after his marriage, Tugan-Baranovsky began what would be a long running and esteemed academic career. His first scholarly article, "The Doctrine of the Marginal Utility of Economic Goods", saw print in October 1890 in the journal Iuridicheskii Vestnik (Jurisprudence Courier). In this work, which presaged his later criticism of Marxism, Tugan-Baranovsky argued that the labor theory of value and contemporary Marginalist economics were in basic agreement rather than in antagonistic opposition. After this first foray into theoretical economics, Tugan-Baranovsky turned his hand to the writing of biography, contributing short popular sketches of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and John Stuart Mill to a series entitled "Lives of Remarkable Men", produced by the publisher Pavlenkov. In these roughly 80-page books Tugan-Baranovsky was highly critical of Proudhon for his lack of internal consistency, stylistic obscurity, lack of imagination, and hypocritical support of the regime of Louis Napoleon. He was much more sympathetic to Mill, hailing the economist as one who "more than anyone else helped the spread throughout the civilized world of a right understanding of the spirit of contemporary science, based on the study of nature." Following the intellectual example of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, Tugan-Baranovsky envisaged an inevitable path…Citește mai mult

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Political activities In 1895 Tugan-Baranovsky and his co-thinker Peter Struve joined the Free Economical Association, of which he became the chairman in 1896. In December of that year he published a seminal article of Marxist theory, frequently reprinted, "The Significance of the Economic Factor in History", which drew the attention and written replies of leading narodnik critics such as Vasily Vorontsov and Nikolay Mikhaylovsky. In April 1900, Tugan-Baranovsky participated in the organizational meeting to create the Iskra newspaper, which later became the basis for the creation of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party. While he consistently expressed Marxist economic and political ideas in this period, there is no indication that Tugan-Baranovsky ever joined the underground Social Democratic movement which was then emerging in Russia. It was also during this time that his "magnum opus", The Russian Factory in Past and Present appeared. The publication of this book led in 1898 to Tugan-Baranovsky receiving a doctorate degree from Moscow University. From 1901 to 1905 Tugan-Baranovsky participated in the public life of the Poltava region where he joined the local zemstvo (a form of local government). Later he returned to St. Petersburg, lecturing as private docent and as professor in the economics…Citește mai mult

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During the early years of the 20th century he completely moved away from the popular views of legal Marxism towards the neokantianism that is reflected in his various works regarding the cooperative movement. In 1901–1902, Tugan-Baranovsky published his "Notes from the History of Political Economics" in the journal Narodnoe Bagatstvo (National Wealth), where he described the history of economics doctrines in the Russian Empire, and "Notes of the Newest History in Political Economics" (1903). This work was translated into German in 1915. Later he published various other works in Russian and German as well. In 1919 his first publication in Ukrainian appeared, Cooperation, its nature and goals. Other works continued to appear up until 1923. Since 1906 he was the chief editor of Vestnik Kooperatsii (Cooperative Digest). Before World War I he worked, along with Mykhailo Hrushevskyi and other Ukrainian academicians, on the encyclopedia Ukrainsky narod v ego proshlom i nastoyaschem ("The Ukrainian Nation in its Past and Present"). As the member of the Ukrainian Party of Socialist-Federalists quit the General Secretariat on 20 November 1917 in the protest to the proclamation of the Third Universal of the Ukrainian Central Council that advocated a wider autonomy to Ukraine. Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky…Citește mai mult

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Death In January 1919, while en route via train to attend the Paris Peace Conference, Tugan-Baranovsky suffered a fatal heart attack.

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In German Michael Tugan-Baranovsky (1900). Geschichte der russischen Fabrik (PDF) (in German). Berlin: Emil Felber. Michael Tugan-Baranovsky (1901). Studien zur Theorie und Geschichte der Handelskrisen in England (in German). Jena.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Michael Tugan-Baranovsky (1905). Theoretische Grundlagen des Marxismus (PDF) (in German). Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. Michael Tugan-Baranovsky (1921). Die kommunistischen Gemeinwesen der Neuzeit (PDF) (in German). Gotha: Friedrich Andreas Perthes.

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Further reading Ablitsov, Vitalii, Galaktika 'Ukraina': Ukrains'ka diaspora: vidatni postati. Kyiv: KIT, 2007. Barnett, Vincent, "Tugan-Baranovsky as a Pioneer of Trade Cycle Analysis," Journal of the History of Economic Thought, vol. 23 no. 4 (Dec. 2001), pp. 443–466. Bernstein E. Tugan-Baranowsky als Sozialist. Archiv für Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik, vol. XXVIII (T.-B. as Socialist. Archive for Social Science and Social Politics) 1909; Bukharin, N. Theoretical conciliation. Political Economy Rant. Theory of value and profit of Austrian School. pp. 176–185. 1919. At www.esperanto.mv.ru/Marksismo/index.html (in Russian) Diel К. Dr. Michael Tugan-Baranowskys theoretische Grundlagen des Marxismus. Jahrbücher fur Nationalökonomie und Statistik, vol. XXXI (Dr. T.-B., theoretical fundamentalist of Marxism. Yearbook for the National Economy and Statistics). Jena 1906; Дмитриев В. Новый русский трактат по теории политической экономии. Русская Мысль, book XI. 1909; Голдман М. Туган-Барановщина: к критике буржуазной политической экономии. П. 1926; Gerschenkron A. Die Genossenschaftstheorie Tugan-Baranowskis. Vierteljahrschrift für Genossenschaften, parts 3–4. 1929–30; Gotz W. Zum ökonomischen System Tugan-Baranowsky. Riga 1930; Качор А. М. І. Туган-Барановський. Winnipeg 1969; Kondratiev, N. Mikhail Tugan-Baranovskii. Petrograd: 1923. Kowal L. M. I. Tuhan-Baranowsky, His Political Teaching, Scientific and Cooperative Activity in Ukraine, 1917–1919. НЗ УТГІ. Munich 1968–69; Kowal L. The Market and Business Cycle Theories of M. I.…Citește mai mult