Mykola Prokopovych Vasylenko (Ukrainian: Микола Прокопович Василенко; Russian: Николай Прокофьевич Василенко; 14 February 1866 – 3 October 1935) was a Ukrainian scholar and public figure. He briefly served as temporary Otaman of the Council of Ministers (a post akin to that of Prime Minister), later holding the post of Minister of Education and Director of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (a predecessor to the modern National Academy of Sciences).