Shneor Zalman Bychowski

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Zygmunt Bychowski (also known as Szneur Zalman Bychowski; שניאור זלמן ביחובסקי; 18 August 1865 – 13 September 1934) was a Polish Jewish neurologist, social activist, and politician. He served as a magistrate of the City of Warsaw (1923–1934) and was a Jewish and Zionist leader in Poland.

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Biography He was born in Korzec (now Korets, Ukraine) in Volhynia as the son of Samuel (Szmul) and Fejga, a wealthy hasidic family. His father was a prominent Talmudist. Until the age of 17, Bychowski received a traditional Orthodox religious education, attending a cheder, a Talmud Torah, and a yeshiva in Korzec. After moving to Warsaw, he initially continued his Talmudic studies but soon pursued secular education against the wishes of his parents (his father initially disowned him, though they later reconciled). After passing his matriculation exams, he went to Austria to study natural sciences and philosophy at the University of Vienna. He later returned to Warsaw to study medicine at the Imperial University of Warsaw. He received his medical degree on 23 February 1893. He worked for a time in the polyclinic of Samuel Goldflam on Graniczna Street and also traveled abroad to further his knowledge of neurology. In 1904, he participated in the Russo-Japanese War as a physician in the Russian Army. Upon his return, as a member of a Zionist association, he was arrested at his home on Grzybowska Street in Warsaw and imprisoned for a long period in the jail at the City Hall. From 1892,…Citește mai mult

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Political and social activity Bychowski became associated with the Lovers of Zion movement during his student years under the influence of Saul Pinchas Rabbinowicz. After completing his studies, he traveled to Palestine for a time with Ignacy Bernstein. He corresponded with Theodor Herzl and participated in the First Zionist Congress in Basel in 1897 and many subsequent congresses; he was a member of the organizing committee for the Fifth Zionist Congress and the committee for cultural affairs. In 1905, he was imprisoned in Russia for his Zionist activities. In the early 1920s, he was a member of the Party Council of the Zionist Organization in Poland. He was a candidate and deputy for the Legislative Sejm on the list of the Temporary Jewish National Council in Warsaw. He served as a member of the Central Election Committee of Et Livnot for the 13th Zionist Congress in Karlsbad in 1923 and was a member of the central committee of HaHalutz. In 1925, he was a member of the Organizing Committee for the Palestinian Exhibition in Warsaw. From 1923 to 1934, Bychowski served as a magistrate (assessor) of the Warsaw City Council, where he headed the hospital and public health department as…Citește mai mult

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Scientific contributions Bychowski was the author of approximately 100 works in Polish, German, French, and Russian. On his initiative, the first neurosurgical operations in Poland were conducted, including the Anton-Bramann operation. Bychowski was the first in Poland to qualify a patient for surgery on a pituitary tumor. He authored numerous studies on epilepsy and endocrinology. He is cited as an author of works describing a neurological sign later known as Hoover's sign. Another sign he described, present in hemiparesis, is known as the Grasset-Bychowski sign.

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Works O chorobie Parkinson’a (On Parkinson's Disease). Medycyna 22 (1894) Przyczynek do kazuistyki uchyłków przełyku (diverticulum oesophagi) (Contribution to the Casuistry of Esophageal Diverticula). Medycyna 23 (1895) "Beitrag zur Casuistik des Oesophagus-Divertikels". Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medicin. 141 (1): 115–127. 1895. doi:10.1007/BF01966626. Przyczynek do patogenezy padaczki (Contribution to the Pathogenesis of Epilepsy). Medycyna, 1895 Przypadek pląsawicy miękkiej czyli paralitycznej (A Case of Chorea Mollis or Paralytic Chorea). Medycyna, 1895 Przypadek myxoedematu leczonego tyreoidyną oraz kilka uwag o myxoedemacie w ogóle (A Case of Myxedema Treated with Thyroidin). Przegląd Chirurgiczny, 1896 "Beiträge zur Nosographie der Parkinson'schen Krankheit (Paralysis agitans)". Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten. 30 (3): 722–765. 1898. doi:10.1007/BF02035011. Leczenie w naszych szpitalach (Treatment in Our Hospitals). Zdrowie, 1901 "Ein Fall von recidivirender doppelseitiger Ptose mit myasthenischen Erscheinungen in den oberen Extremitäten". Deutsche Zeitschrift für Nervenheilkunde. 22 (3–4): 333–345. 1902. doi:10.1007/BF01668805. Ein "Archiv für Zionismus" : (Vorschlag für die Mitglieder der Cultur-Commission). Die Welt 21, 1902 Czy bywa nierówność źrenic u ludzi zupełnie zdrowych? (Is There Pupil Inequality in Completely Healthy People?). Gazeta Lekarska, 1902 Ueber Hypotonie und Hypertonie bei einer und derselben Kranken. Neurologiches Centralblatt 23, pp. 786–792, 1904 O rozpoznaniu i operacyjnem leczeniu nowotworów…Citește mai mult