Croatian Inventor and Engineer. He gained world renown for his creation of the mechanical pencil (1906) and the first solid ink pen (1907). Along with Edmund Moster, he founded the Penkala-Moster Company, a pen and pencil enterprise that was one of the largest in the world, now known as TOZ Penkala. A holder of 80 patents, he also designed and constructed the 1910 Penkala Monoplane, the first aircraft to fly in Croatia. He died from pneumonia at the age of 50.