Stanisław Herbst

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Stanisław Herbst (né Chrobot; 12 July 1907, Rakvere, Russian Empire (now Estonia) – 24 June 1973, Warsaw) was a Polish historian, researcher of modern history, and military historian. He was a professor at the University of Warsaw and the Dzerzhinsky Political-Military Academy in Warsaw, and was also the president of the Polish Historical Society. Pupils of his included Zdzisław Spieralski and Tomasz Strzembosz.

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Biography Herbst was born in Rakvere, Russian Empire (now Estonia), the son of Wacław Chrobot, a banker and artillery lieutenant, and Maria of Nowohoński (from landed nobility). He attended the Stefan Batory Gymnasium and Lyceum in Warsaw. After graduating in 1926, he undertook studies in history and art history at the University of Warsaw. His lecturers included Henryk Mościcki, Wacław Tokarz and Oskar Halecki, under whose supervision he defended his PhD in 1931 (based on the work War of Livonia, 1600–1602). From 1933 to 1934, he taught history at the gymnasium in Pruszków, and from 1935 to 1936, he completed studies at Warsaw University of Technology; from 1936 until the outbreak of World War II, he was senior assistant at the Department of Polish Architecture and Art History at Warsaw University of Technology. He also worked at the Ministry of Religious Denominations and Public Enlightenment, where he was an official in the Department of Religions (1935–1937) and a scientific adviser to ministers (1937–1939). After the outbreak of World War II, he initially worked at the Archive of the Nieśwież Ordnance, then at the antique shop of Czesław Garliński, the National Library and the University Library in Warsaw; together with Piotr…Citește mai mult

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Awards and decorations Among the prizes and distinctions that Herbst received include the 1st degree award of the Minister of National Defense (1968, for research on the Kościuszko Uprising), the Knight's Cross (1947) and Officer's Cross (1966) of the Order of Polonia Restituta, Order of the Banner of Labour 2nd class (1966), and title of Teacher of Merit of the Polish People's Republic (1969). A street commemorating Herbst is located in the Ursynów district of Warsaw, between Al. National Education Commission and Capt. Witold Pilecki street (formerly Paweł Finder street).

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Research profile and legacy Herbst's interests included the history of modern military, the history of cities, of Warsaw in particular, the history of modern culture, the methodology of history and historical geography. He was an expert on the history of Warsaw and Mazovia. He carried out research on the evolution of the Polish martial art of the 15th and 16th centuries and the shaping of the art of command in the early 17th century. He made a description of elements of the art of war, conducted by improvised troops, and examined the meaning of the masses in Polish wars. He devoted much of his research to the Kościuszko Uprising, including examining the causes of the insurrection and the combat trail, and showed the innovation of Kościuszko's command; he revised the memoirs of Jan Kiliński. He analyzed the guild's institution, the significance of Polish cities in the system of political power, and the history and significance of fortresses (including Zamość and Modlin). He investigated the history of the Jewish population of Warsaw, was interested in the history of Polish printing and the significance of Sarmatism in the Polish culture of the 17th century. He gathered rich sources and iconographic materials for…Citește mai mult

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Entre le Boug et la Vistule: 19 mai-15 juin 1794 (1933) Toruńskie cechy rzemieślnicze (1933) Kleck 1506 (1934) Między Bugiem a Wisłą 1794 (1935) Wojna moskiewska 1507-08 (1935) Przegląd literatury dotyczącej Warszawy (1936) Twierdza Zamość. Część historyczna (1936, with Jan Zachwatowicz) Czasy Zygmunta III (1937) Pierwsza Konferencja Historyków Bałtyckich w Rydze 15-20 sierpnia 1937 r. (1937) Wojna inflancka 1600-1602 (1938) Zarys nauk pomocniczych historii (1948, with Aleksandr Gieysztor) Miasta i mieszczaństwo Renesansu polskiego (1954) Zamość (1955) Odrodzenie w Polsce (1956) Polska kultura mieszczańska na przełomie XVI i XVII wieku (1956) Regionalne badania historyczne w przeszłości i w Polsce Ludowej (1956) Studia renesansowe (1956) Historia wojskowa: treść, dzieje, metoda i metodologia (1961) Kultura polska w źródłach i opracowaniach (1961, with Juliusz Bardach) Polskie Tysiąclecie (1961, with Aleksandr Gieysztor and Bogusław Leśnodorski) L’historiographie militaire polonaise (1969) Umysłowość i ideologia polska w XVII wieku (1969)

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Further reading Biogramy uczonych polskich, Część I: Nauki społeczne, zeszyt 1: A-J, Wrocław 1983, s. 474–478. Warszawa, Wydanie II. A. Moraczewski. Warszawa 1938, s. 357. Walka o dobra kultury Warszawy 1939-1945. T. I, Warszawa 1970, s. 130-142 Alicja Lutostańska, Herbst Stanisław, [w:] Polski słownik biograficzny konserwatorów zabytków, red. Henryk Kondziela, Hanna Krzyżanowska, z. 2, Poznań, Wyd. Poznańskie 2006, ISBN 83-7177-416-8. Wiesław Majewski, Stanisław Herbst – badacz dziejów wojskowych, „Studia z Historii Historiografii Wojskowej” 2 (1989), s. 292–314. Stanisław Herbst – historyk i regionalista: 12 lipca 1907 – 24 czerwca 1973, praca zbiorowa pod red. Józefa Kazimierskiego, Warszawa 1996. Wiesław Majewski, Stanisław Herbst [1907-1973] – historyk wojskowy, „Przegląd Historyczny” 98 (2007), z. 4, s. 555–557. Agata Rafalska, Stefan Ciara, Stanisław Herbst – ostatni polski polihistor (1907-1973), „Rocznik Warszawski” 35 (2007), s. 5-27. Hanna Szwankowska, Stanisław Herbst – działacz społeczny, „Przegląd Historyczny” 98 (2007), z. 4, s. 559–562.