Tatyana Petrovna Makarova (Russian: Татьяна Петровна Макарова; 25 September 1920 – 25 August 1944) was a flight commander in the 46th Taman Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment, one of the three women's aviation regiments founded by Marina Raskova. She and her navigator Vera Belik were posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union after their plane was shot down by the Axis forces over Nazi-occupied Poland.
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Tatyana Petrovna Makarova (Russian: Татьяна Петровна Макарова; 25 September 1920 – 25 August 1944) was a flight commander in the 46th Taman Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment, one of the three women's aviation regiments founded by Marina Raskova. She and her navigator Vera Belik were posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union after their plane was shot down by the Axis forces over Nazi-occupied Poland.
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Civilian life Makarova was born on 25 November 1920 to a working-class Russian family in Moscow; her father was a postal worker who had been injured during World War I, and her mother was illiterate. After completing seven years of schooling in 1935, she began working at a confectionery factory. After completing basic training at a local aeroclub she tried to enter a military academy, but was rejected because women were not allowed to attend. She continued to pursue aviation and in 1939 she graduated from vocational school; that year she completed her flight courses. In 1940 she gained the rank of sergeant and became a flight instructor at the aeroclub she had trained at.
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Military career Less than a month after the creation of the women's aviation unit by Marina Raskova in early October 1941, Makarova volunteered to join and was accepted in. After graduating from the Engels Military School of Aviation she was deployed to the warfront in May 1942 as a flight commander in the 588th Night Bomber Regiment, which was eventually honored with the Guards designation in 1943 and renamed to the 46th Guards Night Bomber Regiment. On 19 October 1942 she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for completing 195 missions. Previously, she had managed to land her plane after it was targeted by a barrage of anti-aircraft fire and searchlights; after losing control temporarily she managed to distract German forces by releasing another bomb, providing enough time to leave the area and land. In 1943 she was promoted to the position of squadron commander after the regiment decided to add a third squadron, but after eight members of her squadron were shot down over Kuban in one night, she blamed herself and requested to be demoted back to flight commander, which was accepted. Her friend Vera Belik, who was inseparable from her, also requested demotion from squadron…
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To honor her memory there is a small museum in southern Moscow dedicated to her, a street in Moscow and school in Kerch named after her, a monument at the technical school where she studied, and an official envelope of the USSR bearing her portrait next to that of Vera Belik.
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Bibliography Cottam, Kazimiera (1998). Women in War and Resistance: Selected Biographies of Soviet Women Soldiers. Newburyport, MA: Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Co. ISBN 1585101605. OCLC 228063546. Rakobolskaya, Irina; Kravtsova, Natalya (2005). Нас называли ночными ведьмами: так воевал женский 46-й гвардейский полк ночных бомбардировщиков [We were called night witches: this is how the female 46th Guards regiment of night bombers fought]. Moscow: University of Moscow Press. ISBN 5211050088. OCLC 68044852. Simonov, Andrey; Chudinova, Svetlana (2017). Женщины - Герои Советского Союза и России [Women - Heroes of the Soviet Union and Russia]. Moscow: Russian Knights Foundation and Museum of Technology Vadim Zadorozhny. ISBN 9785990960701. OCLC 1019634607. Magid, Aleksandr (1960). Гвардейский Таманский авиационный полк [Guards Taman Aviation Regiment] (in Russian). Moscow: DOSLAF. OCLC 881535802.
