Vyacheslav Lypynsky

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After the outbreak of World War I, a commission at the time recognized him as healthy, and he was called up into the army. In July 1914, then as an ensign, he was assigned to the 4th Novotroitsk-Yekaterinoslavsky Dragoon Regiment, which was headquartered in the Lomzha Governorate and part of the 6th Army Corps. During August and September of 1914, he was part of the ultimately unsuccessful offensive of the Second Army under Alexander Samsonov in East Prussia as part of the advanced cavalry reconnaissance. He participated in the battles for Szczytno, Pasym, and during the defense of Shchuchyn. However, he was eventually wounded during the Battle of Tannenberg near the Masurian Lake District, and after being treated at an infirmary, he was sent back to the rear units, where he served until the February Revolution to improve his health. During his time at the rear, he was stationed in Dubno, Ostroh, and Poltava as the commander of the 4th Cavalry Reserve Department. As commander, he oversaw 300 soldiers and was tasked with replinishing men at the front with horses as needed.

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A conservative monarchist, Lypynsky was critical of the populism and socialism of the leadership of the Central Council and Directorate of Ukraine, which emphasised the workers and intelligentsia as a source of support. Instead, Lypynsky proposed that the focus of the struggle of independence should be built around the peasantry, the bourgeois, and the elite. Accordingly, he felt that a primary focus in the struggle for Ukrainian independence should be the conversion of the Russified or Polonized Ukrainian elite or nobility to the cause of Ukrainian statehood. Lypynsky wrote that Ukrainian statehood depended on the loyalty of the Ukrainian population towards the Ukrainian state regardless of ethnic origins or social status. A Ukrainian monarch, such as a Hetman, was seen by Lypynsky as essential in cementing the loyalties of the members of various social classes and ethnicities. Although opposed to democracy, Lypynsky's national and class inclusiveness was also opposed to the integral nationalist ideology of his rival Dmytro Dontsov.

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Sources Dovidnyk z istoriï Ukraïny, 3-Volumes, "Vyacheslav Lypynsky Archived 23 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine" (t. 2), Kyiv, 1993-1999, ISBN 5-7707-5190-8 (t. 1), ISBN 5-7707-8552-7 (t. 2), ISBN 966-504-237-8 (t. 3).

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R.I.P
Vyacheslav

Vyacheslav (Viacheslav) Kazymyrovych Lypynsky (5 April 1882 — 14 June 1931) was a Ukrainian historian, social and political activist, an ideologue of Ukrainian conservatism. He was also the founder of the Ukrainian Democratic–Agrarian Party. Under the government of Hetmanate, he served as the Ukrainian ambassador to Austria.

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Vyacheslav

Family lineage The Polish noble Lypynsky family, also transliterated as Lipiński, is of Mazovian origin, coming from the settlement of Lipiny in the Nur Land of the Duchy of Masovia - or the Nurska land "de Antiqua Lipiny". At the beginning of the 18th century, one branch of the family permanently settled in Podolia after Kazimierz-Józef Lipiński purchased the village of Teremkivts in 1759. Józef-Antoni then became stolnik of Drohiczyn and sub-steward of the Cherkasy Land. His son, Antoni, was the owner of Yampolchyk, the subchamberlain of Kamianets, and an elected district marshal of the nobility. The family's connection to Zaturtsi stemmed from the marriage of Emilia Bechkowska to Włodzimierz-Severyn-Marian Lipiński in 1839. Bechkowska gave the village of Zaturtsi as her dowry.

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Lypynsky was born on 17 April [O.S. 5 April] 1882 in the village of Zaturtsi, then part of the Vladimir-Volynsky Uyezd of the Volhynia Governorate in the Russian Empire (now in Volyn Oblast, Ukraine). He was baptized by the name Wacław‑Wikenty Lipiński. He was the firstborn son of Kazimir Lypynsky and Klara Rokicka, both of whom were Roman Catholics. His father, Kazimir, was the lord of Zaturtsi and a participant in the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), retiring as a staff captain. In 1881, he married Klara Rokicka, of the Rogala coat of arms Apolinary Rokick, who was the Lord of Chernivtsi (a small village in Podolia). Vyacheslav later had three more siblings: Stanislav (born 1884), Wlodzimierz (born 1887), and Vanda-Yulianna (born 1891). According to Lypynsky, his first language was Ukrainian, but the family spoke Polish or French at home. As he later wrote, Ukrainian was his first language because his nanny, a peasant, "did not know Polish", and although he was "a Pole in terms of spoken language and religion, and a Russophile in the political views inherited from home", the imagery of Ukrainian culture, such as the Zaporozhian Cossacks, drew him in. As a young boy, he was significantly influenced…Citește mai mult

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Immediately upon graduating from the gymnasium, he enlisted in the 31st Riga Dragoon Regiment, a cavalry regiment of the Imperial Russian Army stationed in Kremenets, Kremenetsky Uyezd. He was enlisted as a one-year volunteer (вольноопределяющихся), who, after the implementation of conscription were people with higher or secondary education who voluntarily entered military service without being enrolled due to the conscription (but in practice were mostly wealthy young men who were landowners). They thus would be allowed a shorter duration of service, and after an examination would receive the rank of reserve officer at the end of the one-year period. It has been hypothesized that being stationed at Kremenets probably influenced his later choice to study in Austria-Hungary instead of the Russian Empire, as the city was located on the border and he intermingled with many Austro-Hungarians during his military stint. He completed his service in August 1903 as an ensign of the army cavalry reserve. In the autumn of 1903, after finishing his military service, he enrolled at Jagiellonian University in agronomy, which was then located in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. This was probably due to the family tradition of agricultural production at their estate in Zaturtsi. At the university, he…Citește mai mult

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After leaving his schooling, he became employed as a writer at the first Ukrainian daily newspaper "Rada". He mostly wrote under the pseudonym "V. Pravoberezhets" for the newspaper (Pravoberezhets literally translating to "Right-Banker"), although he sometimes used his real name or "Prav.", intermittently in 1908, 1910, and 1911-12. His first article for the newspaper came from his friendship with the newspaper's official publisher, Borys Hrinchenko, who commissioned him to compile Polish books suitable for Ukrainian translation. He worked for the newspaper for free because he stated it was his personal duty to the Ukrainian cause to promote it. The vast majority of his articles for Rada addressed Polish-Ukrainian relations, both in Russian and in the Austro-Hungarian-ruled Ukraine. He stated there were three Polish political currents in Russian-ruled Ukraine: the conciliationists, the all-Polish nationalists, and the democratic-Ukrainophiles. He dismissed the first two groups as hostile to Ukraine but identified with the latter. He also attacked the spread of equivalences between Galician Ruthenians and Russians in Western Europe, arguing that the all-Polish press was using this to conceal Ukrainian nationalism from the world, and argued that Russian and Polish reactionaries shared a common ideological platform of a common hatred of the "Ukrainian…Citește mai mult

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He began working on his brochure "Szlachta na Ukrainie" in the spring of 1907, drawing on the historical material he gathered in Kraków and Geneva. The brochure was to be designed to show the history of the nobles on Ukrainian lands against the backdrop of Ukraine's struggle for statehood, ultimately proving the important role that the nobles had in state-building. However, his work was interrupted when he fell ill in Zakopane in 1907, and he didn't return to the work until 1908. Throughout the summer of 1908 he began a series of lectures delivered in Polish and directed at stirring the Right-Bank nobility toward Ukraine. He delivered the main lectures in August 1908, which was entitled "About Ukrainianism and the Attitude of the Polish-Ukrainian Nobility toward It". He positioned himself as "by origin to the Polonized noble-Ukrainian society, [but] considers itself Ukrainian" in Kyiv and Lutsk during these lectures. During meetings with participants afterward, many expressed a desire for a printed organ of regionalist-territorialist orientation. During this time, he also worked on "Szlachta na Ukrainie" again, which had turned into what was essentially the expanded version of these lectures that he gave. The brochure was published in late 1908/09 in…Citește mai mult

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Works Szlachta na Ukrainie. Udział jej w życiu narodu na tle jego dziejów (1909) Stanisław Michał Krzyczewski. Z dziejów walki szlachty ukraińskiej w szeregach powstańczych pod wodzą Bohdana Chmielnickiego (1912) Z dziejów Ukrainy. Księga pamiątkowa ku czci Włodzimierza Antonowicza, Paulina Święcickiego i Tadeusza Rylskiego, wydana staraniem dr. J. Jurkiewicza, Fr. Wolskiej, Ludw. Siedleckiego i Wacława Lipińskiego (1913) Lysty do brativ chiliborobiv (1926)

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Bibliography Передерій, І. Г. (2012). В’ЯЧЕСЛАВ ЛИПИНСЬКИЙ: ЕТНІЧНИЙ ПОЛЯК, ПОЛІТИЧНИЙ УКРАЇНЕЦЬ (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Полтава: Видавництво ПолтНТУ.

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Polish-language newspapers After the series of lectures he delivered in the summer of 1908, he sought to create a newspaper directed towards the Ukrainianization of the Polish nobility entitled "Przegląd Krajowy", first approaching Yosyp Yurkevych as a potential publisher of it. However, he rejected the idea of pandering towards such an audience. He then approached Bohdan Yaroshevsky, the founder of the Ukrainian Socialist Party, who agreed to publish it with the financial support of Count Mykhaylo Tyshkevych of the Tyszkiewicz family. The periodical was first launched in May 1909. It lasted for a total of 12 issues and had subscribers from Ukraine, St. Petersburg, Warsaw, and Lviv and was written entirely in Polish. The periodical was reviewed favorably by the Ukrainian press, such as Rada and Dilo, which considered it as uniting Ukrainians of Polish culture and Poles on Ukrainian territory together. It was less favorably viewed by the Polish press, which was critical of it. However, it wouldn't last long due to chronic financial problems and insufficient reception of territorialist ideas, especially by the broader Polish public. Andrey Sheptytsky attempted to save the paper by providing an emergency funding of 1,000 crowns and even attempted to resort to abandoning…Citește mai mult

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In July 1913, he received the Rusalivski Chahary estate located in the Uman Raion, which consisted of about 160 desyatynas of land, from his uncle Adam Apollonariyovych Rokytsky. I. Hyrych suggests he likely accepted the offer - despite receiving public renown at the time - because of his illness and an attraction to agricultural labor. The farm, also, was a testing ground for his sociological theories, as he had argued that both the landowner and the peasant belonged to the same agricultural class that was to be the background of a new Ukrainian aristocracy. However, the hard labor, including plowing, sowing, and manually building, ate up most of his time, and it stifled his literary works; even if he had managed to start his "History of Ukraine," he still did not publish anything. During the start of the war, he requested that the estate be kept under the administrative care of his uncle, but gave physical protection and upkeep duties to a peasant named Levko Zanuda.