Władysław Pieńkowski

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Family Pieńkowski married a Lutheran woman, and they had one daughter, born in 1882, who died on 12 December 1886 and was buried in Zgierz.

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Władysław

Władysław Pieńkowski (23 April 1846 – 5 July 1919) was a Polish official who served as Mayor of Radomsko (1874–1878), Zgierz (1878–1882), and Łódź (1882–1914).

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Biography Władysław Pieńkowski was born on 23 April 1846 in Piotrków Trybunalski, then part of Congress Poland, to a peasant family, Józefat and Anna née Bledzewska, who owned a farm in Witów, Piotrków Governorate. On 21 May 1846, he was baptized in the Catholic Church at the Church of St. James in Piotrków, receiving the names Władysław Wojciech. Later in life, he converted to Eastern Orthodoxy. His godparents were Seweryn Grabiński, a former Polish army officer, and Antonina Jasińska, assisted by Tomasz Jasiński and Franciszka Grabińska. He completed four years at a Russian-German primary school and attended a commercial school. He then apprenticed in Warsaw at a colonial goods store owned by Leon Krupecki before moving to Łódź during the January Uprising of 1863. According to the Pamiatnaja kniżka Pietrokowskoj gubiernii na 1904 god, he graduated from the Higher Craft School in Łódź.

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Early career On 24 July 1863, Pieńkowski began working as a clerk in the Łódź Magistrate with an annual salary of 100 rubles. On 8 February 1864, he was assigned to the office of the city's military commander, Colonel Baron Alexander von Broemsen, a German hostile to Poles. He served there until the uprising's suppression, earning the Medal for the Suppression of the Polish Rebellion on 18 December 1864. From 28 September 1866, he was an assistant police inspector, and on 3 June 1867, he became Łódź's quartermaster, earning 180 rubles annually. He later worked in Zgierz's city office, quickly advancing to secretary of the Quartering Department. In November 1874, he became Mayor of Radomsko, and in 1878, Mayor of Zgierz, with a salary of 750 rubles. In August 1878, while still mayor of Radomsko, he received the Order of Saint Stanislaus, 3rd Class.

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Mayor of Łódź On 9 November 1882, Pieńkowski substituted for the ailing Walerian Michał Makowiecki, assuming the presidency of Łódź on 22 November after Makowiecki's death. He inherited a financially robust city: in 1882, revenues were 113,725 rubles and 31.5 kopecks, expenditures were 80,818 rubles and 1.5 kopecks, with a reserve fund of 232,120 rubles and 87.5 kopecks in the Bank of Poland.

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Developments during presidency During Władysław Pieńkowski's presidency, Łódź did experience rapid development; however, this was primarily the result of a global civilizational leap and the significant involvement of private capital and the activity of local entrepreneurs, rather than the initiative or dedication of the mayor. In December 1883, the first telephone connection was launched in the city. Starting in September 1885, an address reform was carried out, introducing a new numbering system for properties on each street and dividing street buildings into sides with even and odd numbers. In October 1886, the first state-run Russian-language boys' and girls' gymnasiums were opened (they are the predecessors of today's Tadeusz Kościuszko High School No. III and Emilia Sczaniecka High School No. IV), and in 1906, the Polish Boys' Gymnasium of the Uczelnia Society was established (now Nicolaus Copernicus High School No. I). On 6 January 1884, the first issue of Dziennik Łódzki appeared – the first Polish newspaper in Łódź published entirely in the Polish language. In the last three decades of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th century, industry developed rapidly. Among others, the following factories were established: the Schwartz, Birnbaum et Co. wool products factory at…Citește mai mult

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Pieńkowski, Łódź's longest-serving mayor, governed for nearly 32 years. When he began, Łódź had 96,863 residents (49,592 permanent); by 1914, it neared 477,862 (213,564 permanent). His salary rose from 1,000 rubles in 1882 to 4,700 in 1904. He lived in a nine-room apartment in Trianon Villa, built in 1877 by Ludwik Meyer at the then-private 514aa Meyer Passage (after the address reform, number 5, now 5 Stanisław Moniuszko Street), which the city council rented from the owner for 1,600 rubles per year. He attained the rank of Active State Councillor (equivalent to the rank of major general in military service) and was a class VI official. The rapid development of Łódź – the years from 1870 to 1900 marked the most intensive period of industrial expansion in the city's history – occurred primarily thanks to the initiative of the entrepreneurs operating there, and only to a small extent was it the merit of the city mayor, whose rule was even described as a dictatorship. Władysław Pieńkowski was highly reluctant to approve expenditures from the city treasury for purposes related to urban development, despite the fact that the available funds sometimes amounted to as much as 1.5 million rubles. These resources…Citește mai mult

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On the day of the imperial train crash in the Kharkov Governorate, 29 October 1888, President Pieńkowski sent the following letter to Viceroy Iosif Gurko, requesting that it be "laid at the feet of their imperial majesties":YOUR IMPERIAL MAJESTY! It has pleased the Most Beneficent Providence to preserve the precious life of YOUR IMPERIAL MAJESTY, YOUR MOST SERENE CONSORT, and the entire IMPERIAL FAMILY, and to save Russia from an inexpressible tragedy and disaster. Horrified by the dreadful calamity that has passed, we, the loyal subjects and residents of the city of Łódź, raising our grateful prayers to the Almighty, hasten to lay at the feet of YOUR IMPERIAL MAJESTY, our adored MONARCH, the sentiments of boundless love and the most sincere loyal devotion. Firmly believing that Almighty God will continue to protect His ANOINTED from all misfortunes, our hearts join those of all loyal subjects in prayer to God, and our lips repeat the single cry shared by all of Russia: long live the RUSSIAN EMPEROR and HIS MOST NOBLE FAMILY, and may God preserve THEM for many long years. President of the city of Łódź

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(signed) PieńkowskiWładysław Pieńkowski was well acquainted with Tsar Nicholas II and was received several times in imperial audiences in Tsarskoye Selo and Saint Petersburg. On 7 October 1901, during a formal dinner held at the Romanov residence in Spała on the occasion of the consecration of the Church of St. Nicholas in nearby Tomaszów Mazowiecki, the tsar greeted him with the question: "Is this not the nth time we've met already?". In 1902, Nikodem Justyn Sobocki – then an employee of the city magistrate – believed that Pieńkowski and Secretary Yegorov were pulling all the strings in the city, including controlling the officials, and that the mayor was largely acting under the influence of Vasily Yegorov. Pieńkowski's subservience toward the higher Russian authorities did not go unnoticed – he was "showered with orders and various medals".

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After 30 years of President Pieńkowski's administration, the number of Russian officials in the Łódź magistrate rose from 1 to 38. In 1911, he wrote to Piotrków Governor Mikhail Yachevsky:These figures speak for themselves and clearly show my attitude toward the composition of officials of Russian origin. My entire long-standing and impeccable public service is known to all; everyone is aware of my consistently active attitude toward everything that is called Russian – I consider this a particular great honour and sacred duty.The figure of Władysław Pieńkowski was remembered by his contemporary, the Łódź writer, journalist, and publicist Stanisław Rachalewski, whose childhood and early youth coincided with the last 14 years of Pieńkowski's presidency:[...] I myself well remember that proud, haughty figure, clad in a uniform with gilded buttons, wearing a light blouse during the sweltering summer and navy trousers with piping. He strolled almost daily through the New Market (today's Freedom Square). He walked with his head held high, holding a riding crop in his hand. The moment Pieńkowski appeared – which usually happened between 12 and 1 o'clock – the street he customarily walked down would immediately empty. Everyone moved off the sidewalk into the road. [...]President Pieńkowski…Citește mai mult

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Post-presidency Shortly after the outbreak of World War I, Pieńkowski left Łódź together with the retreating Russian troops, although for a long time there was uncertainty as to the exact date of his departure: whether he was among the first to leave, already on 3 August 1914 or on 4 August 1914 (when the evacuation of state institutions and their staff took place, as well as the departure of the Russian 10th Artillery Regiment from the city), or only on 9 August 1914. According to the latest findings by Aneta Stawiszyńska, between 3 August and 29 September 1914, Pieńkowski left the city and returned to it several times. His first absence, lasting a few days, began on 3 August 1914, and shortly before that the president handed over the amount of 200,000 rubles from the city treasury to the Citizens' Committee of Łódź. One source states that on 4 August at 8:00 PM, Pieńkowski, as honorary chairman, opened the general organisational meeting of the Citizens' Committee of the City of Łódź, which took place in the hall of the People's House of the Christian Workers' Association at 34 Przejazd Street (now Julian Tuwim Street). Another source, however, claims that the…Citește mai mult

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Pieńkowski's next departure from the city took place on 9 August 1914, at which time councillor Józef Mirecki was appointed his deputy. The State Archive in Łódź holds a telegram dated 13 September 1914, which reads:In supplement to my report of 28 July of this year, I respectfully inform Your Excellency that on 27 July of this year, at approximately 4 in the afternoon, the Police Chief of the City of Łódź, Captain Czesnakov, informed me by telephone that Your Excellency had ordered me, due to wartime circumstances, to leave the City of Łódź, which was executed on the same day. I am currently residing in Warsaw at 47A Piękna Street. Mayor of the City of Łódź

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PieńkowskiPieńkowski returned briefly to Łódź again on 16 August 1914. According to Mieczysław Hertz, he made another short visit toward the end of August, although he did not resume his official duties. Aneta Stawiszyńska dates that return to 26 August 1914. Soon afterward, Pieńkowski left the city again together with the Russian police upon hearing of the Russian defeat at the Battle of Tannenberg. He returned once more on 31 August 1914 to formally hand over the administration of the city to the Main Citizens' Committee and his deputy, Józef Mirecki. His final departure from Łódź during the war occurred on 29 September 1914, when he officially delegated his duties to councillor Jan Andrzejewski. His later fate is not fully known. It is confirmed that he travelled from Warsaw to Moscow. He returned to Łódź in October 1918 or, according to another account, after the October Revolution in November 1918, burdened with debt. He relied on donations from acquaintances – some of his debts were repaid by Łódź industrialists – and also appealed to the municipal government for assistance. After being refused, he left once again for Warsaw, where he died, paralyzed and in poverty, on 5 July 1919. He…Citește mai mult

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Awards Medal for the Suppression of the Polish Rebellion (1864) Order of Saint Stanislaus, 3rd Class (1878) Order of Saint Anna, 3rd Class (before 1886) Order of Saint Stanislaus, 2nd Class (1886) Order of Saint Anna, 2nd Class (1890) Order of Saint Vladimir, 4th Class (1896) Medal in Commemoration of the Reign of Alexander III (silver) Medal for the Coronation of Their Imperial Majesties (silver) Medal for the First General Census of 1897 (bronze) Russian Red Cross Badge (twice) Two golden signet rings (one with ruby and diamonds, one with a diamond) and a gold cigarette case with diamonds and the Russian state emblem.

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Bibliography Stawiszyńska, Aneta (2016). Łódź w latach I wojny światowej [Łódź During World War I] (in Polish). Oświęcim: Napoleon V. ISBN 978-83-65495-27-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) Wojalski, Mirosław Zbigniew (1996). Kieszonkowa kronika dziejów Łodzi [Pocket Chronicle of Łódź History] (in Polish) (1st ed.). Łódź: ZORA. ISBN 83-86699-07-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)