Yuri Orestovich Gabel

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Yuri (Georgiy) Orestovich Gabel (Ukrainian: Юрій (Георгій) Орестович Габель; (1891-12-11)11 December 1891, Kharkiv, Russian Empire — 23 March 1949, Kharkiv, USSR) was a Soviet Ukrainian scientist, chemist, Doctor of Chemical Sciences (1940), and Professor (1934). He was the Dean of the Faculty of Chemistry at Kharkiv State University from 1931 to 1935 and the Director of the Institute of Chemistry at Kharkiv State University from 1945 to 1949. Author of the first textbook on heterocyclic compounds, he was the founder and head of the first and only Department of Heterocyclic Compounds in the USSR, as well as the head of the Department of Organic Chemistry at Kharkiv Medical Institute.

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Yuri Gabel was born on (1891-12-11)11 December 1891 in Kharkiv. His parents were revolutionary Narodniks Orest-Octavian Martynovich Gabel and Augustina Stanislavovna Sinkevich, who, after serving their exile in the Irkutsk Governorate, moved to Kharkiv, where Orest Gabel soon joined the board of the Kharkiv Public Library. Yuri had five sisters: Ludmila, Elena, Valeria, Maria, and Margarita. The youngest, Margarita, later became a well-known literary critic and researcher of the works of Ivan Turgenev. In 1910, Yuri graduated with a gold medal from the Third Kharkiv Gymnasium. Another gold medallist from the gymnasium that year was Valery Mezhlauk. Yuri Gabel continued his studies in the Chemistry Department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics at Imperial Kharkiv University, graduating in 1914 with a first-class degree. He began working in the chemical laboratory of the Southern Railways. In 1915, he defended his thesis on "The Effect of Light on the Electrical Conductivity of Iodine Mercury in Acetone" and was awarded the degree of Master of Science. In the fall of the same year, he was retained for two years without a scholarship in the Department of Organic Chemistry at the university to prepare for a professorship. At the same time, he was…Citește mai mult

Yuri Orestovich Gabel a adăugat o fotografie

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Scientific activity Under the guidance of Krasovsky, Gabel engaged in the traditional study of α-oxide reactions for Kharkiv chemists. Specifically, he investigated the products of condensation of organic α-oxides with amines. Later, he studied barbituric acid derivatives in chemistry, examining the relationship between their structure and physiological activity. He wrote a monograph on this topic, which became his doctoral dissertation. He defended his dissertation in 1940. Later, he began studying sulfanilamides. Gabel synthesised sulfathiazole in his laboratory following its introduction as a replacement for sulfadiazine. It was the first synthesis of this compound in the Soviet Union and was supplied to the children's clinic, where it was used to treat pneumonia in children. His work at the Kharkiv Medical Institute prompted him to study physiologically active substances, primarily heterocyclic compounds. He developed a special course for organic chemists in this field. In 1941, he authored a textbook, "Heterocyclic Compounds". This publication was the first attempt to write a textbook on this subject. As noted by Alexey Kost, due to the little-studied nature of the topic, Gabel "did not have the opportunity to provide material on a general basis". Gabel's successful work in this area of chemistry led to the creation…Citește mai mult

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Personality Former student of Yuri Gabel, scientist Vitaliy Ronin, characterized his teacher in his memoirs: "a gifted person, an excellent specialist in his field, he was a remarkable lecturer." He considered Yuri Orestovich to be among the teachers who had the greatest influence on him. The death of his teacher greatly shook Ronin, who frequently visited his grave. Colleague Boris Krasovitsky wrote about him in his memoirs: "Yuri Orestovich—always cheerful and joyful, with a sense of humor, somewhat frivolous, and very popular with women—took everything he could from life. He worked successfully in science, seemingly without much effort, and his pedagogical talent contributed to his popularity as a lecturer. Yuri Orestovich was always a welcome guest at all gatherings". Yuri Gabel was close to his colleague Andrey Kiprianov, with whom he became friends during their joint work under Konstantin Krasovsky. Boris Krasovitsky noted that the friends were complete opposites: the cheerful and joyful Gabel and the serious, focused, and pedantic Kiprianov.

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A photograph of Yuri Gabel and the text of his poem written in Chkalov are displayed on the right side glass of the fifth showcase at the Museum of Kharkiv National Medical University. In the spring of 2014, the II Student Interfaculty Conference for Freshmen on Bioorganic Chemistry, dedicated to the 180th anniversary of the birth of D. I. Mendeleev and the 65th anniversary of the death of Y. O. Gabel, took place at Kharkiv National Medical University. The grave of Yuri Gabel is maintained by the staff of the chemistry department and students of Kharkiv National Medical University. Funds from the department's staff were used to install a fence around the grave. Gabel as a Professor of Chemistry is a secondary character in Viktor Domontovych's novel "Girl with a Teddy Bear".

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Bibliography Gabel Y. O.; Kyprianov H. I. (1930). Dry Distillation of Tobacco. Content of Pectin Substances in Tobacco. Kharkiv: Kharpoligraf. Domontovych V. (1928). The Girl with a Teddy Bear. News of Ukrainian Literature. Kyiv: Siaivo. p. 200. Kost, Alexey Nikolaevich (1963). Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Moscow: Foreign Literature Publishing House. p. 5–7. Krasovitsky, B. M. (1999). "Professor Yuri Orestovich Gabel". Bulletin of Kharkiv University. Chemistry. 4 (27) (454). Krasovitsky, B. M. (2004). My Teachers and Peers. Kharkiv: Folio. p. 244. ISBN 966-03-2622-X. Losievsky, Igor Yakovlevich (26 September 1998). "Ordinary Blasphemy". Evening Kharkov (newspaper) (111 (7874)). Mchedlov-Petrosyan, N. O. (2004). "Chemistry at Kharkiv University". Bulletin of Kharkiv University (in Russian). 11 (34) (626). Matiash, I. B. (2000). "Ukrainian archival science of the 1920s and 1930s: organization of natural history research". Archival and Document Studies Studios (in Ukrainian). 6: 14—21. Nakonechna, S. A. (2003). Scientists of Kharkiv State Medical University 1805 — 2005 (in Ukrainian). Kharkiv: PJSC Publishing House Kharkiv. p. 470. ISBN 966-7100-359. Pertseva, Zh. M. (2019). History of the Kharkiv Higher Medical School in the Expositions of the Museum of the History of KNMU (in Ukrainian). Kharkiv: KNMU. p. 216. ISBN 978-966-2094-42-8. Popova, L. P. (1960). "On the Composition of…Citește mai mult